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In the OIAs Review study, there were significantly more women with children compared to the Survey sample. Contrary to the Survey, most of the women who had been primary careproviders for at least one of their children were not single parents but rather had lived with the child and his/her father (or her common law partner). In both studies, the most frequent careprovider of women's children during their incarceration, were the children's grandparents and most often the maternal grandmother. Data on whether mothers maintain contact with children were missing to a great extent, but based on what was reported, it appeared that most of the women with children maintained contact with them during incarceration.