Many women feel tremendous concern over the lost of custody of one or more of their children and report that contact with their children, regardless of their age, is essential to personal well-being. Parenting programs are closely linked to relational theory. By encouraging women to establish positive attachments to their children, parenting programs produce benefits: more stable mothers who, after resolving their conflict with the criminal justice system, can then aid their children in acquiring pro social values and to become productive members of society.