Research Reports

A Review of Use of Force in Three Types of Correctional Facilities

2011 N^o R-236

Appendix A Use of Force Management Model

The diagram shows schemata of the Use of Force Management Model. It is a circular diagram with inner and outer circles indicating the chosen use of force for a given situation. Officers must use only as much force as is required to carry out legal duties. The outside rim specifies that officers withdraw, isolate, contain and reassess for all situations. The next layer specifies different options in each section of the layers: the upper left quadrant specifies lethal force, the larger section next to it specifies impact weapons, batons and fire hoses in response to situations involving escape, grievous bodily harm and death. The lower quadrant specifies chemical agent, spray irritant, physical handling, patrol dogs in response to assaultive behaviour and non cooperation. The lower right quadrant specifies restraint equipment for non cooperative offenders. The next section is the largest section of the model and it specifies negotiation, conflict resolution, verbal intervention and staff presence for offenders who are verbally resistant or cooperative.

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Appendix B Situation Management Model

The diagram shows schemata of the Situation Management Model. This model is similar to the Use of Force Management Model described previously but at its core it specifies the use of the CAPRA approach to assess the situations. The inside rim specifies the requirement to isolate and contain. All situations require an assessment, a reassessment and a debrief and report. The range of management options specified in the circles is based on a response to the seriousness of the situation, using the same principles as the Use of Force Model. Use of firearms and intermediary weapons is listed in response to escape or incidents involving grievous bodily harm and death. Use of physical handling and sprays are listed in response to assaultive behaviour and non cooperation. Use of restraint equipment is recommended in response to verbally or physically non cooperative offenders. The next section is the largest section of the model and it specifies dynamic security, negotiation, conflict resolution, verbal intervention and staff presence for offenders who are verbally resistant or cooperative.

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