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Roberta Lynn Sinclair & Roger Boe
Research Branch
Correctional Service Canada
May, 1998
The focus of this report is a summary and presentation of recent trends involving male young offenders in Canada. The report was written in response to a special request, and supplements a presentation for the Heads of Corrections. To allow for comparison, the report adheres to the same format of Research Brief B-18, Female Young Offenders in Canada: Recent Trends, by Colleen Anne Dell and Roger Boe.
The three data sources used in compiling this report are The Uniform Crime Report Survey, the Youth Court Survey, and the Correction Key Indicator Report. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics publishes all three sources. The analyses in this report examine male young offender trends over the past five years, and are directed toward seven questions:
1. Has there been an increase in male youth charged by police, 1992-1996?
3. Are male youth getting involved with crime at a younger age?
4. Are male youth getting more violent?
Due to data from only Prince Edward Island, Manitoba and British Columbia, conclusions are tentative.
6. Are male youth getting more serious dispositions?
SUMMARY *
NOTE *
TABLE OF CONTENTS *
LIST OF TABLES *
LIST OF CHARTS *
RESEARCH QUESTIONS *
QUESTION 1: HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN MALE YOUTH CHARGED BY THE POLICE, 1992 - 1996? *
QUESTION 2: HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN MALE YOUTH PROCESSED THROUGH THE YOUTH COURT SYSTEM, 1992/93 - 1996/97? *
QUESTION 3: ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING INVOLVED WITH CRIME AT A YOUNGER AGE? *
QUESTION 4: ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE VIOLENT? *
QUESTION 5: HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN THE FREQUENCY OF MALE YOUTH REMANDED INTO CUSTODY PENDING DISPOSITION OF A CHARGE? *
QUESTION 6: ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE SERIOUS DISPOSITIONS? *
QUESTION 7: HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MALE YOUTH TRANSFERRED TO ADULT COURT? *
APPENDIX A *
APPENDIX B *
APPENDIX C *
APPENDIX D *
APPENDIX E *
APPENDIX F *
Table 1.1: Male Youth Charged by Police*, Canada *
Table 1.2: Total Male Youth (Aged 12-17 Years) Population*, Canada *
Table 1.3: Male Youth Charged by Police*, Regions *
Table 1.4: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Regions *
Table 2.1: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System*, *
Table 2.2: Total Male Youth (Aged 12-17 Years) Population, Canada *
Table 2.3: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System*, *
Table 2.4: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population, Regions *
Table 3.1: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court*, by Principle Charge**, by Age***, Canada *
Table 3.2: Total Male Youth, by Age (12 - 17 Years) Population, Canada *
Table 3.3: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court*, by *
Table 4.1: Male Youth Charged by Police* for a Violent Offense, Canada *
Table 4.2: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Canada *
Table 4.3: Male Youth Charged by Police* for a Violent Offense, Regions *
Table 4.4: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Canada *
Table 4.5: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court *
Table 4.6: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Canada *
Table 5.1: Male Youth Remanded into Custody* Per Month**, Select Provinces*** *
Table 5.2: Male Youth (Aged 12-17 Years) Population, Select Provinces *
Table 6.1: Male Youth Disposition*, Canada *
Table 6.2: Percentage of Male Youth Disposition Per Total Male *
Table 6.3: Male Youth Disposition*, Regions *
Table 7.1: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court*, Regions & Canada *
Table 7.2: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court* by Age, Canada *
Chart 1.1A: Total Male Youth Charged by Police, Canada *
Chart 1.1B: Male Youth Charged by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada *
Chart 1.1C: Male Youth Charged by Police by Offense Category Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada *
Chart 1.3A: Male Youth Charged by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions *
Chart 2.1A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System *
Chart 2.1B: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System *
Chart 2.3A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System *
Chart 3.1A: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by *
Chart 3.1B: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, Per *
Chart 3.3A: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, byAge, Atlantic Region *
Chart 3.3B: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Quebec Region *
Chart 3.3C: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Ontario Region *
Chart 3.3D: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Prairie Region *
Chart 3.3E: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Pacific Region *
Chart 4.1A: Total Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by *
Chart 4.1B: Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per *
Chart 4.4A: Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions *
Chart 4.5A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System For a Violent Offense Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada *
Chart 4.5B: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System For a Violent Offense Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada *
Chart 5.1A: Male Youth Remanded Into Custody Per Month, Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Select Provinces *
Chart 6.2A: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Canada *
Chart 6.3A: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Atlantic Region *
Chart 6.3B: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Quebec Region *
Chart 6.3C: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Ontario Region *
Chart 6.3D: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Prairie Region *
Chart 6.3E: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Pacific Region *
Chart 7.1: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court, Canada 1991/92 1996-97 *
QUESTION 1:
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN MALE YOUTH CHARGED BY THE POLICE, 1992 - 1996?
QUESTION 2:
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN MALE YOUTH PROCESSED THROUGH THE YOUTH COURT SYSTEM, 1992/93 1996/97?
QUESTION 3:
ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING INVOLVED WITH CRIME AT A YOUNGER AGE?
QUESTION 4:
ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE VIOLENT?
QUESTION 5:
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN THE FREQUENCY OF MALE YOUTH REMANDED INTO CUSTODY PENDING DISPOSITION OF A CHARGE?
QUESTION 6:
ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE SERIOUS DISPOSITIONS?
QUESTION 7:
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MALE YOUTH TRANSFERRED TO ADULT COURT?
* Refer to Appendix A for definitions of data sources
** Refer to Appendix B for format of data presentation
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN MALE YOUTH CHARGED BY THE POLICE, 1992 - 1996?
Canada
Regions
Table 1.1: Male Youth Charged by Police*, Canada
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | ||||||
OFFENSE | Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Crimes of Violence | 15,742 |
132.8 |
16,375 |
136.4 |
16,753 |
138.5 |
17,250 |
141.0 |
16,589 |
134.1 |
Property Crimes | 66,591 |
561.9 |
59,242 |
493.6 |
54,784 |
452.9 |
52,945 |
432.9 |
51,242 |
414.1 |
Drugs*** | 2,186 |
18.4 |
2,959 |
24.7 |
4,176 |
37.2 |
4,494 |
36.7 |
4,796 |
38.8 |
Other**** | 27,876 |
235.2 |
27,030 |
225.2 |
26,696 |
220.7 |
26,696 |
218.3 |
26,631 |
215.2 |
TOTAL | 112,395 |
948. 4 |
105,606 |
880.1 |
101,675 |
840.6 |
101,385 |
829.0 |
99,258 |
802.1 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12-17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
Table 1.2: Total Male Youth (Aged 12-17 Years) Population*, Canada
TOTAL MALE |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division.
Chart 1.1A: Total Male Youth Charged by Police, Canada
Chart 1.1B: Male Youth Charged by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Table 1.3: Male Youth Charged by Police*, Regions
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | ||||||
OFFENSE | Actual |
Rate Per** |
Actual |
Rate Per |
Actual |
Rate Per |
Actual |
Rate Per |
Actual |
Rate Per |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
|
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,152 |
104.7 |
1,346 |
124.9 |
1,363 |
129.3 |
1,324 |
127.0 |
1,259 |
121.4 |
Property Crimes | 5,064 |
460.4 |
5,264 |
488.3 |
4,974 |
471.9 |
4,663 |
447.3 |
4,868 |
469.4 |
Drugs*** | 117 |
10.2 |
150 |
13.9 |
227 |
21.5 |
223 |
21.4 |
319 |
30.8 |
Other**** | 2,779 |
252.6 |
2,554 |
236.9 |
2,511 |
238.2 |
2,493 |
239.1 |
2,615 |
252.2 |
TOTAL | 9,112 |
828.4 |
9,314 |
864.0 |
9,075 |
861.0 |
8,703 |
834.8 |
9,061 |
873.8 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 2,549 |
84.8 |
2,502 |
82.4 |
2,617 |
85.7 |
2,696 |
89.0 |
2,501 |
83.3 |
Property Crime | 11,584 |
385.4 |
9,314 |
306.6 |
8,179 |
268.0 |
7,889 |
260.4 |
8,271 |
275.5 |
Drugs | 538 |
17.7 |
936 |
30.9 |
1,272 |
41.7 |
1,286 |
42.5 |
1,445 |
48.1 |
Other | 3,603 |
119.9 |
3,059 |
100.7 |
2,642 |
86.6 |
2,861 |
94.4 |
2,926 |
97.5 |
TOTAL | 18,274 |
607.9 |
15,811 |
520.4 |
14,710 |
482.0 |
14,732 |
486.3 |
15,143 |
504.4 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 6,573 |
155.5 |
6,648 |
154.9 |
6,699 |
151.8 |
7,111 |
161.2 |
6,429 |
142.8 |
Property Crimes | 21,581 |
510.4 |
19,492 |
454.0 |
17,974 |
415.5 |
18,086 |
409.9 |
16,609 |
369.0 |
Drugs | 736 |
17.3 |
945 |
22.0 |
1,427 |
33.0 |
1,718 |
38.9 |
1,791 |
39.8 |
Other | 11,036 |
261.0 |
10,709 |
249.5 |
10,663 |
246.5 |
10,647 |
241.3 |
9,940 |
220.8 |
TOTAL | 39,926 |
944.3 |
37,794 |
800.4 |
36,763 |
849.8 |
37,562 |
851.3 |
34,769 |
772.4 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 3,519 |
164.4 |
3,730 |
171.8 |
3,655 |
166.3 |
3,746 |
167.5 |
4,008 |
175.9 |
Property Crimes | 18,474 |
862.9 |
16,487 |
759.4 |
15,349 |
698.3 |
14,435 |
645.6 |
14,054 |
616.8 |
Drugs | 309 |
14.3 |
430 |
19.8 |
7,187 |
327.0 |
563 |
25.2 |
632 |
27.7 |
Other | 8,303 |
387.8 |
7,914 |
364.5 |
532 |
24.2 |
7,685 |
343.7 |
8,229 |
361.2 |
TOTAL | 30,605 |
1,429.5 |
28,561 |
1,315.6 |
26,723 |
1,215.8 |
26,429 |
1,182.0 |
26,923 |
1,181.6 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,949 |
141.7 |
2,149 |
151.3 |
2,419 |
165.0 |
2,373 |
157.2 |
2,392 |
153.8 |
Property Crimes | 9,167 |
666.7 |
8,685 |
611.6 |
8,308 |
566.7 |
7,872 |
521.4 |
7,440 |
478.3 |
Drugs | 507 |
36.7 |
498 |
35.1 |
2,959 |
201.9 |
704 |
46.6 |
609 |
39.1 |
Other | 2,855 |
207.6 |
2,794 |
196.7 |
718 |
49.0 |
3,010 |
199.4 |
2,921 |
187.8 |
TOTAL | 14,478 |
1,052.9 |
14,126 |
994.8 |
14,404 |
982.5 |
13,959 |
924.5 |
13,362 |
859.0 |
TOTAL | 112,395 |
948.4 |
105,606 |
880.1 |
101,675 |
840.6 |
101,385 |
829.0 |
99,258 |
802.1 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
Table 1.4: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Regions
TOTAL MALE | |||||
YOUTH | |||||
POPULATION | 1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
Atlantic | 110,000 |
107,800 |
105,400 |
104,248 |
103,698 |
Quebec | 300,600 |
303,800 |
305,200 |
302,919 |
300,221 |
Ontario | 422,800 |
429,300 |
432,600 |
441,233 |
450,147 |
Prairie | 214,100 |
217,100 |
219,800 |
223,595 |
227,844 |
Pacific | 137,500 |
142,000 |
146,600 |
150,984 |
155,562 |
TOTAL |
1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division, Demography Division
Chart 1.3A: Male Youth Charged by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions
Canada
Regions
Table 2.1: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System*, Canada
1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | ||||||
OFFENSE |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Crimes of Violence | 16,676 |
140.7 |
17,646 |
147.0 |
17,489 |
144.6 |
18,400 |
150.5 |
18,215 |
147.2 |
Property Crimes | 52,047 |
439.2 |
48,892 |
407.4 |
44,148 |
365.0 |
43,037 |
351.9 |
42,453 |
343.1 |
Drugs*** | 1,942 |
16.4 |
2,687 |
22.4 |
3,949 |
32.6 |
4,324 |
35.4 |
4,747 |
38.4 |
Other**** | 15,783 |
133.2 |
15,945 |
132.9 |
15,375 |
127.1 |
14,936 |
122.1 |
14,258 |
115.2 |
Young Offenders Act***** | 7,964 |
67.2 |
8,887 |
74.1 |
8,624 |
71.3 |
8,432 |
68.9 |
8,440 |
68.2 |
TOTAL | 94,412 |
796.7 |
94,057 |
783.8 |
89,585 |
740.6 |
89,129 |
728.8 |
88,113 |
712.0 |
* Source: Youth Court Statistics
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12-17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crimes
***** Young Offenders Act = Failure to Comply with a Disposition or Undertaking, Contempt Against Youth Court, and
Assist/Interfere Other
Table 2.2: Total Male Youth (Aged 12-17 Years) Population, Canada
TOTAL MALE | |||||
YOUTH | |||||
POPULATION | 1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 2.1A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Chart 2.1B: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System by Offense Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Table 2.3: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System*,
Regions
1992/1993 |
1993/1994 |
1994/1995 |
1995/1996 |
1996/1997 |
||||||
OFFENSE | Actual Number |
Rate
Per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,231 |
111.9 |
1,322 |
122.6 |
1,326 |
125.8 |
1,304 |
125.1 |
1,400 |
135.0 |
Property Crimes | 4,243 |
385.7 |
4,088 |
379.2 |
3,923 |
372.2 |
3,840 |
368.4 |
4,086 |
394.0 |
Drugs*** | 114 |
10.4 |
154 |
14.3 |
206 |
19.5 |
236 |
22.6 |
333 |
32.1 |
Other **** | 942 |
85.6 |
864 |
80.1 |
801 |
76.0 |
780 |
74.8 |
912 |
87.9 |
Young Offenders Act***** | 548 |
49.8 |
634 |
58.8 |
662 |
62.8 |
669 |
64.2 |
791 |
76.3 |
Atlantic Total | 7,078 |
643.5 |
7,062 |
655.1 |
6,918 |
656.4 |
6,829 |
655.1 |
7,522 |
725.4 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 2,211 |
73.6 |
2,222 |
73.1 |
2,511 |
82.3 |
2,214 |
73.1 |
2,215 |
73.8 |
Property Crimes | 5,160 |
171.7 |
4,841 |
159.3 |
4,542 |
148.8 |
4,120 |
136.0 |
4,860 |
161.9 |
Drugs | 360 |
12.0 |
768 |
25.3 |
1,178 |
38.6 |
1,088 |
35.9 |
1,328 |
44.2 |
Other | 1,205 |
40.1 |
1,135 |
37.4 |
1,214 |
39.8 |
1,286 |
42.5 |
1,317 |
43.9 |
Young Offenders Act | 735 |
24.5 |
726 |
23.9 |
814 |
26.7 |
826 |
27.3 |
862 |
28.7 |
Quebec Total | 9,671 |
321.7 |
9,692 |
319.0 |
10,259 |
336.1 |
9,534 |
314.7 |
10,582 |
352.5 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 8,160 |
193.0 |
8,759 |
204.0 |
8,416 |
194.5 |
8,647 |
196.0 |
8,259 |
183.5 |
Property Crimes | 20,208 |
478.0 |
20,055 |
467.2 |
17,984 |
415.7 |
17,967 |
407.2 |
16,965 |
376.9 |
Drugs | 786 |
18.6 |
1,017 |
23.7 |
1,529 |
35.3 |
1,921 |
43.5 |
1,983 |
44.1 |
Other | 6,878 |
162.7 |
7,071 |
164.7 |
6,835 |
158.0 |
6,871 |
155.7 |
6,695 |
148.7 |
Young Offenders Act | 2,266 |
53.6 |
2,733 |
63.7 |
2,576 |
59.5 |
2,719 |
61.6 |
2,589 |
57.5 |
Ontario - Total | 38,298 |
905.8 |
39,635 |
923.2 |
37,340 |
863.2 |
38,125 |
864.1 |
36,491 |
810.6 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 4,352 |
203.3 |
4,758 |
219.2 |
4,568 |
207.8 |
4,521 |
202.2 |
4,467 |
196.1 |
Property Crimes | 16,347 |
763.6 |
15,184 |
699.4 |
13,404 |
609.8 |
12,947 |
579.0 |
12,338 |
541.5 |
Drugs | 379 |
17.7 |
458 |
21.1 |
642 |
29.2 |
578 |
25.9 |
659 |
28.9 |
Other | 4,974 |
232.3 |
5,060 |
233.1 |
4,725 |
215.0 |
5,046 |
225.7 |
4,363 |
191.5 |
Young Offenders Act | 3,080 |
143.9 |
3,360 |
154.8 |
3,154 |
143.5 |
3,117 |
139.4 |
2,909 |
127.7 |
Prairie Total | 29,132 |
1,360.7 |
28,820 |
1,327.5 |
26,493 |
1,205.3 |
26,209 |
1,172.2 |
24,736 |
1,085.7 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,752 |
127.4 |
1,625 |
114.4 |
1,705 |
116.3 |
1,714 |
113.5 |
1,874 |
120.5 |
Property Crimes | 6,102 |
443.8 |
4,792 |
337.5 |
4,434 |
302.5 |
4,163 |
275.7 |
4,204 |
270.2 |
Drugs | 346 |
25.2 |
329 |
23.2 |
447 |
30.5 |
501 |
33.2 |
444 |
28.5 |
Other | 987 |
71.8 |
968 |
68.2 |
925 |
63.1 |
953 |
63.1 |
971 |
62.4 |
Young Offenders Act | 1,046 |
76.1 |
1,134 |
79.9 |
1,064 |
72.6 |
1,101 |
72.9 |
1,289 |
82.9 |
Pacific Total | 10,233 |
744.2 |
8,848 |
623.1 |
8,575 |
585.0 |
8,432 |
558.5 |
8,782 |
564.5 |
TOTAL | 94,412 |
796.7 |
94,057 |
783.8 |
89,585 |
740.6 |
89,129 |
728.8 |
88,113 |
712.0 |
* Source: Youth Court Statistics
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** YOA = Failure to Comply with a Disposition or Undertaking, Contempt Against Youth Court, and Assist/Interfere Other.
****** 1991 YCS not included because the Youth Court Statistics Report does not differentiate between males and females with this data.
However, the data may be made available from the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
Table 2.4: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population, Regions
TOTAL MALE YOUTH | |||||
POPULATION | 1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
Atlantic | 110,000 |
107,800 |
105,400 |
104,248 |
103,698 |
Quebec | 300,600 |
303,800 |
305,200 |
302,919 |
300,221 |
Ontario | 422,800 |
429,300 |
432,600 |
441,233 |
450,147 |
Prairie | 214,100 |
217,100 |
219,800 |
223,595 |
227,844 |
Pacific | 137,500 |
142,000 |
146,600 |
150,984 |
155,562 |
TOTAL | 1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 2.3A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions
ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING INVOLVED WITH CRIME AT A YOUNGER AGE?
Canada
Regions
Atlantic Region: There was a slight increase in males aged 12, 13, 14, 15 and over 17 processed from 1992/93 to 1996/97. There was a decreased number of male youth processed in the other age categories.
Quebec Region: There was a steady trend of increase in number of youth processed in every year and in each age category except for the over 17 year old age group which experienced a decrease.
Ontario Region: From 1992/93 1996/97 decreases were noted in all age groups except the 12, 13, 15 and over 17 age groups where there were slight increases.
Prairie Region: Decrease in numbers and in age of males processed through youth court from 1992/93 to 1996/97, except in the 12 year old age range where a slight increase was experienced.
Pacific Region: There was a decrease in numbers and of age of males processed through youth court from 1992/93 to 1996/97.
* See Appendix C for additional research findings
Table 3.1: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court*, by Principle Charge**, by Age***, Canada
OFFENSE | <12 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
>17 |
Unknown |
1992/1993 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 13 |
639 |
1,448 |
2,616 |
3,502 |
4,408 |
4,753 |
33 |
294 |
Property Crimes | 17 |
1,846 |
4,148 |
7,715 |
10,820 |
13,509 |
13,315 |
92 |
598 |
Other Crimes | 1 |
201 |
640 |
1,586 |
2,534 |
4,188 |
5,149 |
475 |
212 |
Drugs | - |
9 |
42 |
113 |
293 |
596 |
911 |
3 |
18 |
Young Offenders Act | 1 |
50 |
300 |
905 |
1,525 |
1,881 |
2,272 |
674 |
67 |
1992/1993 TOTAL | 32 |
2,745 |
6,578 |
12,935 |
18,674 |
24,582 |
26,400 |
1,277 |
1,189 |
Per 10,000 Male | 137.0 |
325.0 |
650.0 |
947.9 |
1,240.8 |
1,312.8 |
|||
1993/1994 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 15 |
796 |
1,706 |
2,753 |
3,695 |
4,376 |
4,940 |
81 |
324 |
Property Crimes | 13 |
1,648 |
3,912 |
7,218 |
10,376 |
12,451 |
12,647 |
119 |
576 |
Other Crimes | 5 |
289 |
740 |
1,603 |
2,763 |
3,802 |
5,110 |
558 |
228 |
Drugs | - |
12 |
68 |
237 |
487 |
789 |
1,103 |
11 |
19 |
Young Offenders Act | 1 |
96 |
421 |
1,001 |
1,760 |
2,096 |
2,389 |
734 |
89 |
1993/1994 TOTAL | 34 |
2,841 |
6,847 |
12,812 |
19,081 |
23,514 |
26,189 |
1,503 |
1,236 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 141.8 |
348.3 |
658.7 |
968.6 |
1,184.6 |
1,312.1 |
|||
1994/1995 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1 |
916 |
1,717 |
2,709 |
3,533 |
4,444 |
4,738 |
56 |
412 |
Property Crimes | 3 |
1,620 |
3,623 |
6,512 |
9,331 |
11,379 |
11,117 |
108 |
594 |
Other Crimes | - |
256 |
805 |
1,559 |
2,604 |
3,708 |
4,775 |
541 |
255 |
Drugs | - |
24 |
98 |
352 |
727 |
1,201 |
1,556 |
14 |
30 |
Young Offenders Act | - |
68 |
450 |
1,014 |
1,686 |
2,095 |
2,232 | 645 |
80 |
1994/1995 TOTAL | 4 |
2,884 |
6,690 |
12,146 |
17,881 |
22,827 |
24,418 |
1,364 |
1,371 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth
1995/1996 Crimes of Violence Property Crimes Drugs Young Offenders Act Other Federal Statutes 1995/1996 TOTAL Per 10,000 Male Youth 1996/1997 Crimes of Violence Property Crimes Other Crimes Drugs Young Offenders Act 1996/1997 TOTAL Per 10,000 Male Youth |
19 14 - 1 5 39
- - - - - - |
142.7
917 1,684 21 94 309 3,025 148.7
946 1,644 335 35 95 3,055 148.4 |
327.8
1,820 3,691 94 425 871 6,901 338.0
1,826 3,530 810 150 438 6,754 329.3 |
594.8
2,899 6,411 370 1,009 1,717 12,406 601.5
2,804 6,384 1,615 438 1,106 12,347 599.0 |
890.0
3,637 9,142 826 1,751 2,702 18,058 875.9
3,662 9,291 2,845 934 1,916 18,648 896.4 |
1,149.4
4,189 11,008 1,314 2,142 3,831 22,484 1,127.6
4,188 10,722 3,601 1,373 2,143 22,027 1,059.4 |
1,222.7
4,544 10,587 1,664 2,372 4,743 23,910 1,193.2
4,438 10,394 4,436 1,770 2,196 23,234 1,137.0 |
7 172 9 569 541 1,298
63 83 401 18 483 966 |
308 388 26 69 217 1,008
288 405 215 29 64 1,152 |
TOTAL | 109 |
14,550 |
33,770 |
62,646 |
92,342 |
115,434 |
124,151 |
6,490 |
5,805 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** By Principle Charge: The principle charge is the most serious charge for a person or case upon entering the youth court process. Where a young person or a case has only one charge, it is defined as the principle charge. Where more than one charge is linked to a person or a case, three criteria are used to select the principle charge: (1) the nature of the offense, (2) the decision of the court, and (3) the disposition of the charge. Violent charges are given first priority in the selection process, followed by drug and narcotic offenses, property offenses, other Criminal Code offenses, offenses under the Young Offenders Act, and other federal statute offenses.
*** Age at the time the most significant charge was committed
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
****** YOA = Failure to Comply with a Disposition or Undertaking, Contempt Against Youth Court, and Assist/Interfere Other
******* Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
******** - is nil or zero
Table 3.2: Total Male Youth, by Age (12 - 17 Years) Population, Canada
Total Male Youth | ||||||||||
Population | 12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
||||
1992 | 200,300 |
196,600 |
194,500 |
195,600 |
198,500 |
199,500 |
||||
1993 | 202,400 |
202,400 |
199,000 |
197,000 |
198,100 |
201,100 |
||||
1994 | 202,100 |
204,100 |
204,200 |
200,900 |
198,600 |
199,700 |
||||
1995 | 203,374 |
204,179 |
206,248 |
206,172 |
202,625 |
200,381 |
||||
1996 | 205,915 |
205,127 |
206,113 |
208,039 |
207,925 |
204,353 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 3.1A: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Age, Canada
Chart 3.1B: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, by Age, Canada
1992/93 |
1993/94 |
1994/95 |
1995/96 |
1996/97 |
|
MEAN AGE |
15.4 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.4 |
16.0 |
Table 3.3: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court*, by
Principle Charge**, by Age***, Regions
REGION |
<12 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
>17 |
Unknown |
ATLANTIC |
|||||||||
1992/1993 |
1 |
218 |
499 |
887 |
1,256 |
1,969 |
2,196 |
29 |
23 |
1993/1994 |
2 |
207 |
559 |
854 |
1,335 |
1,879 |
2,139 |
68 |
19 |
1994/1995 |
2 |
243 |
534 |
910 |
1,262 |
1,907 |
1,969 |
64 |
27 |
1995/1996 1996/1997 |
2 - |
210 280 |
541 599 |
890 1,166 |
1,373 1,516 |
1,812 1,938 |
1,948 1,939 |
50 54 |
3 30 |
QUEBEC | |||||||||
1992/1993 |
3 |
102 |
393 |
1,049 |
1,854 |
2,766 |
3,377 |
112 |
15 |
1993 /1994 |
4 |
123 |
391 |
1,050 |
1,879 |
2,728 |
3,425 |
92 |
- |
1994 /1995 |
1 |
119 |
423 |
1,262 |
2,027 |
2,824 |
3,516 |
82 |
5 |
1995/1996 1996/1997 |
- - |
127 119 |
450 437 |
1,151 1,201 |
2,000 2,203 |
2,608 3,012 |
3,130 3,521 |
66 83 |
2 6 |
1992/1993 |
19 |
1,255 |
2,809 |
5,598 |
7,717 |
9,601 |
9,941 |
265 |
1,093 |
1993 /1994 |
16 |
1,284 |
2,996 |
5,701 |
8,395 |
9,596 |
10,104 |
407 |
1,136 |
1994 /1995 |
1 |
1,317 |
2,952 |
5,101 |
7,657 |
9,210 |
9,414 |
405 |
1,283 |
1995/1996 1996/1997 |
33 - |
1,400 1,448 |
3,174 3,002 |
5,468 5,215 |
7,724 7,904 |
9,308 8,573 |
9,639 9,067 |
410 373 |
969 909 |
PRAIRIE | |||||||||
1992/1993 |
9 |
936 |
2,151 |
3,975 |
5,681 |
7,583 |
8,001 |
742 |
54 |
1993 /1994 |
12 |
1,017 |
2,284 |
3,972 |
5,606 |
6,971 |
8,078 |
800 |
80 |
1994 /1995 |
- |
966 |
2,144 |
3,646 |
5,117 |
6,695 |
7,192 |
679 |
54 |
1995/1996 1996/1997 |
4 - |
1,005 982 |
2,070 2,018 |
3,615 3,490 |
5,186 5,093 |
6,714 6,212 |
6,965 6,449 |
619 441 |
31 51 |
PACIFIC | |||||||||
1992/1993 |
- |
234 |
726 |
1,426 |
2,166 |
2,663 |
2,885 |
129 |
4 |
1993 /1994 |
- |
210 |
617 |
1,235 |
1,866 |
2,340 |
2,443 |
136 |
1 |
1994 /1995 |
- |
239 |
637 |
1,227 |
1,818 |
2,191 |
2,327 |
134 |
2 |
1995/1996 1996/1997 |
- - |
283 225 |
666 698 |
1,282 1,275 |
1,775 1,932 |
2,042 2,292 |
2,228 2,258 |
153 97 |
3 5 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** By Principle Charge: The principle charge is the most serious charge for a person or case upon entering the youth court process. Where a young person or a case has only one charge, it is defined as the principle charge. Where more than one charge is linked to a person or a case, three criteria are used to select the principle charge: (1) the nature of the offense, (2) the decision of the court, and (3) the disposition of the charge. Violent charges are given first priority in the selection process, followed by drug and narcotic offenses, property offenses, other Criminal Code offenses, offenses under the Young Offenders Act, and other federal statute offenses.
*** Age at the time the most significant charge was committed
**** Noting the similarity between the actual rate & the per 10,000 male youth population rate (refer to prior table), only the actual rate is referred to for the regions
***** - is nil or zero
Chart 3.3A: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Atlantic Region
Chart 3.3B: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Quebec Region
Chart 3.3C: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Ontario Region
Chart 3.3D: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Prairie Region
Chart 3.3E: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Pacific Region
ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE VIOLENT?
Canada
Uniform Crime Report:
Youth Court Survey:
Regions
Uniform Crime Report
* See Appendix D for additional research findings.
Table 4.1: Male Youth Charged by Police* for a Violent Offense, Canada
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | |||||||
Actual |
Rate per** |
Actual |
Rate per |
Actual |
Rate per |
Actual |
Rate per |
Actual |
Rate per |
||
OFFENSE | Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
|
Homicide | 49 |
0.41 |
33 |
0.27 |
48 |
0.40 |
49 |
0.40 |
47 |
0.38 |
|
Attempted Murder | 66 |
0.56 |
61 |
0.51 |
103 |
0.85 |
81 |
0.66 |
81 |
0.65 |
|
Sexual Assault & | 2,231 |
18.83 |
2,245 |
18.71 |
2,036 |
16.83 |
1,709 |
13.97 |
1,634 |
13.20 |
|
Other Sexual Offenses*** | |||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault | 10,807 |
91.19 |
11,458 |
95.48 |
11,958 |
98.87 |
12,400 |
101.39 |
11,827 |
95.57 |
|
**** | |||||||||||
Abduction | 3 |
0.03 |
2 |
0.02 |
8 |
0.07 |
6 |
0.05 |
5 |
0.04 |
|
Robbery | 2,586 |
21.83 |
2,576 |
21.46 |
2,600 |
21.50 |
3,005 |
24.57 |
2,995 |
24.20 |
|
TOTAL | 15,742 |
132.84 |
16,375 |
136.46 |
16,753 |
138.50 |
17,250 |
141.05 |
16,589 |
134.06 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** There may be a difference in the definition for 1996 in comparison to the prior year because 1996 does not include the category of Rape/Indecent Assault, however, it is anticipated to be negligible.
**** To accommodate for charting, rate per 1,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
Table 4.2: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Canada
TOTAL MALE YOUTH | |||||
POPULATION | 1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
|
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 4.1A: Total Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Chart 4.1B: Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per 10,000 Male
Youth Population, Canada
Table 4.3: Male Youth Charged by Police* for a Violent Offense, Regions
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | ||||||
Actual |
Rate per** |
Actual |
Rate per |
Actual |
Rate per |
Actual |
Rate per |
Actual |
Rate Per |
|
OFFENSE | Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||
Homicide | 3 |
0.27 |
3 |
0.28 |
2 |
0.19 |
4 |
0.38 |
1 |
0.10 |
Attempted Murder | - |
- |
1 |
0.09 |
- |
- |
1 |
0.10 |
- |
- |
Sexual Assault & | 235 |
21.36 |
271 |
25.14 |
220 |
20.87 |
198 |
19.00 |
167 |
16.10 |
Other Sexual Offenses | ||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault | 847 |
77.0 |
994 |
92.21 |
1,055 |
100.09 |
1,043 |
100.05 |
1,034 |
99.71 |
Abduction | - |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Robbery | 67 |
6.09 |
77 |
7.14 |
86 |
8.16 |
78 |
7.48 |
57 |
5.50 |
Total | 1,152 |
104.73 |
1,346 |
124.86 |
1,363 |
129.32 |
1,324 |
127.00 |
1,259 |
121.41 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||
Homicide | 11 |
0.37 |
7 |
0.23 |
13 |
0.43 |
6 |
0.20 |
4 |
0.13 |
Attempted Murder | 31 |
1.03 |
19 |
0,63 |
47 |
1.54 |
20 |
0.66 |
23 |
0.77 |
Sexual Assault & | 232 |
7.72 |
275 |
9.05 |
251 |
8.22 |
228 |
7.53 |
190 |
6.33 |
Other Sexual Offenses | ||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault | 1,670 |
55.56 |
1,669 |
54.94 |
1,758 |
57.60 |
1,808 |
59.69 |
1,675 |
55.79 |
Abduction | - |
- |
1 |
0.03 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Robbery | 605 |
20.13 |
531 |
17.48 |
548 |
17.96 |
634 |
20.93 |
609 |
20.29 |
Total | 2,549 |
84.29 |
2,502 |
82.36 |
2,617 |
85.75 |
2,696 |
89.00 |
2,501 |
83.31 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||
Homicide | 14 |
0.33 |
8 |
0.19 |
11 |
0.25 |
13 |
0.29 |
18 |
0.40 |
Attempted Murder | 24 |
0.57 |
16 |
0.37 |
32 |
0.74 |
35 |
0.79 |
27 |
0.60 |
Sexual Assault & | 845 |
20.0 |
838 |
19.52 |
731 |
16.90 |
646 |
14.64 |
583 |
12.95 |
Other Sexual Offenses | ||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault | 4,640 |
109.74 |
4,795 |
111.69 |
4,973 |
114.96 |
5,339 |
121.00 |
4,722 |
104.90 |
Abduction | 1 |
0.02 |
- |
- |
4 |
0.09 |
2 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
Robbery | 1,049 |
24.81 |
991 |
23.08 |
948 |
21.91 |
1,076 |
24.39 |
1,079 |
23.97 |
Total | 6,573 |
155.46 |
6,648 |
154.86 |
6,699 |
154.85 |
7,111 |
161.16 |
6,429 |
142.82 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||
Homicide | 19 |
0.89 |
10 |
0.46 |
13 |
0.59 |
12 |
0.54 |
15 |
0.66 |
Attempted Murder | 9 |
0.42 |
18 |
0.83 |
14 |
0.64 |
18 |
0.81 |
24 |
1.05 |
Sexual Assault & | 628 |
29.33 |
587 |
27.04 |
548 |
24.93 |
418 |
18.69 |
460 |
20.19 |
Other Sexual Offenses | ||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault | 2,312 |
107.99 |
2,517 |
115.94 |
2,502 |
113.83 |
2,623 |
117.31 |
2,766 |
121.40 |
Abduction | 2 |
0.09 |
1 |
0.05 |
2 |
0.09 |
1 |
0.04 |
3 |
0.13 |
Robbery | 549 |
25.64 |
597 |
27.50 |
576 |
26.21 |
674 |
30.14 |
740 |
32.48 |
Total | 3,519 |
164.36 |
3,730 |
171.81 |
3,655 |
166.29 |
3,746 |
167.54 |
4,008 |
175.91 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||
Homicide | 2 |
0.15 |
5 |
0.35 |
9 |
0.61 |
14 |
0.93 |
9 |
0.58 |
Attempted Murder | 2 |
0.15 |
7 |
0.49 |
10 |
0.68 |
7 |
0.46 |
7 |
0.45 |
Sexual Assault & | 291 |
21.16 |
274 |
19.30 |
286 |
19.50 |
219 |
14.50 |
234 |
15.04 |
Other Sexual Offenses | ||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault | 1,338 |
97.31 |
1,483 |
104.44 |
1,670 |
113.92 |
1,587 |
105.11 |
1,630 |
104.78 |
Abduction | - |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
0.14 |
3 |
0.20 |
2 |
0.13 |
Robbery | 316 |
22.98 |
380 |
26.76 |
442 |
30.15 |
543 |
35.96 |
510 |
32.78 |
Total | 1,949 |
141.75 |
2,149 |
151.34 |
2,419 |
165.01 |
2,373 |
157.17 |
2,392 |
153.77 |
TOTAL | 15,742 |
132.84 |
16,375 |
136.46 |
16,753 |
138.50 |
17,250 |
141.05 |
16,589 |
134.06 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** To accommodate for charting, rate per 1,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
**** - is nil or zero
Table 4.4: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Canada
TOTAL MALE | |||||||||
YOUTH | |||||||||
POPULATION | 1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
||||
Atlantic | 110,000 |
107,800 |
105,400 |
104,248 |
103,698 |
||||
Quebec | 300,600 |
303,800 |
305,200 |
302,919 |
300,221 |
||||
Ontario | 422,800 |
429,300 |
432,600 |
441,233 |
450,147 |
||||
Prairie | 214,100 |
217,100 |
219,800 |
223,595 |
227,844 |
||||
Pacific | 137,500 |
142,000 |
146,600 |
150,984 |
155,562 |
||||
TOTAL | 1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division, Demography Division
Table 4.5: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court
System* for a Violent Offense, Canada
1991/1992 |
1992/1993 |
1993/1994 |
1994/1995 |
1995/1996 |
1996/1997 |
|||||||
OFFENSE |
Actual Number |
Rate per*** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate Per 10,000 |
Homicide*** | 58 |
0.52 |
54 |
0.46 |
38 |
0.32 |
58 |
0.48 |
43 |
0.35 |
48 |
0.38 |
Attempted Murder | 42 |
0.37 |
64 |
0.54 |
47 |
0.39 |
48 |
0.40 |
39 |
0.32 |
56 |
0.45 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual | 1,928 |
17.15 |
2,122 |
17.91 |
2,444 |
20.36 |
2,153 |
17.80 |
1,816 |
14.80 |
1,698 |
13.72 |
Offenses | ||||||||||||
Non-Sexual Assault**** | 9,824 |
87.39 |
10,723 |
90.48 |
11,377 |
94.80 |
11,533 |
95.35 |
11,031 |
90.20 |
11,801 |
95.36 |
Abduction | 16 |
0.14 |
37 |
0.31 |
25 |
0.21 |
49 |
0.41 |
57 |
0.47 |
27 |
0.22 |
Robbery | 1,921 |
17.09 |
2,145 |
18.10 |
2,032 |
16.93 |
2,050 |
16.95 |
2,073 |
16.95 |
2,442 |
19.73 |
Weapon | 2,386 |
21.22 |
2,439 |
20.58 |
2,566 |
21.38 |
2,510 |
20.75 |
2,115 |
17.29 |
2,019 |
16.32 |
Other | 102 |
0.91 |
122 |
1.03 |
158 |
1.32 |
125 |
1.03 |
141 |
1.15 |
124 |
1.00 |
TOTAL | 16,277 |
144.80 |
17,706 |
149.41 |
18,687 |
155.73 |
18,526 |
153.16 |
17,315 |
141.58 |
18,215 |
147.20 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey.
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** Offense categorizations are comprised of the following offenses:
Homicide: Murder, Manslaughter, Infanticide and Other Related; Attempted Murder: Attempted Murder; Sexual Assault and Other
Sexual Offenses: Aggravated Sexual Assault, Sexual Assault/Weapon, Sexual Assault, Rape/Indecent Assault, Other Sexual Offences; Non-Sexual Assault: Aggravated Assault, Assault With a Weapon, Cause Bodily Harm/Intent, Minor Assault, Unlawfully Cause Bodily harm, Assaulting Peace Officer, Other Assaults; Abduction: Kidnapping/Hostage Taking; Robbery: Robbery; Weapon: Dangerous Use of a Weapon, Possession of a Weapon, Other Weapons Offenses; Other: Extortion, Criminal Negligence
Note: Due to possible difference in the definitions of violent crimes, based on the Uniform Crime Report Survey and the Youth Court
Survey used in this report, the enclosed tables and charts should be compared on a general level.
**** To accommodate for charting, rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
Table 4.6: Total Male Youth (Aged 12 - 17 Years) Population*, Canada
TOTAL
MALE YOUTH POPULATION |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1,124,000 |
1,185,000 |
1,200,000 |
1,209,600 |
1,222,979 |
1,237,472 |
|
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 4.5A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System For a Violent Offense Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Prince Edward Island: |
There has been a steady increase from 1993/94 to 1996/97. |
Manitoba: |
Slight decrease in 1994/95 was followed by a steady increase until the highest rate per 10,000 male youth in1996/97. |
British Columbia: |
Rate has increased slightly over the 4-year time span. |
Table 5.1: Male Youth Remanded into Custody* Per Month**, Select Provinces***
1993/1994 |
1994/1995 |
1995/1996 |
1996/1997 |
|||||
Rate Per |
Rate Per | Rate Per |
Rate Per |
|||||
PROVINCE | Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Number |
10,000 |
Newfoundland | - |
- |
- |
- |
62 |
22.7 |
57 |
21 |
Prince Edward Island | 2 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
8 |
Nova Scotia | - |
- |
- |
- |
35 |
9.3 |
29 |
8 |
Manitoba | 101 |
21 |
92 |
19 |
103 |
21 |
124 |
25 |
British Columbia | 133 |
9 |
142 |
9 |
157 |
11 |
158 |
10 |
Yukon
Northwest Territories |
18 9 |
150 28 |
3 7 |
25 22 |
- - |
- - |
6 - |
41 - |
* Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Young Offenders: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
** Average Month-End Admission: Data are an indication of the average month-end admission count to a facility. Averages are calculated by adding all month-end admission counts and dividing the total by the number of months for the corresponding period.
*** All available information is reported in the tables
**** - is nil or zero
Table 5.2: Male Youth (Aged 12-17 Years) Population, Select Provinces
TOTAL MALE YOUTH | ||||
POPULATION | 1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
Newfoundland | 29,500 |
28,400 |
27,300 |
26,980 |
Prince Edward Island | 6,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
6,005 |
Nova Scotia | 38,400 |
38,000 |
37,800 |
38,343 |
Manitoba | 47,900 |
48,000 |
48,300 |
48,864 |
British Columbia | 140,100 |
145,400 |
149,700 |
154,102 |
Yukon
Northwest Territories |
1,200 3,200 |
1,200 3,200 |
1,300 3,300 |
1,460 3,379 |
ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE SERIOUS DISPOSITIONS?
Canada
Regions
Atlantic Region: Slight fluctuation in secure custody and probation dispositions. Slight but stable increase in open custody from 1991/92 1996/97. Slight decrease in fine and community service order dispositions returning to a higher percentage in 1996/97. Absolute discharge remained stable.
Quebec Region: Slight decrease in secure custody and n increase in 1994/95 in open custody dispositions. Slight but fairly steady increase in probation. Decrease in fine and community service order ends in 1994/95 followed by an increase. Stable rate of absolute discharge.
Ontario Region: The secure custody rate remained stable until a slight increase in 1994/95. Relatively stable open custody rate. The probation rate showed a marked increase in 1994/95 and remained stable in subsequent years. A marked decrease in 1994/95 and the following years in fine and community service order dispositions. Stable rate of absolute discharge.
Prairie Region: Slight increase in secure and open custody dispositions. Slight and consistent decrease in probation until 1994/95 when a slight increase trend began. Slight decrease in fine and community service and absolute discharge dispositions.
Pacific Region: Steady increase in secure and open custody dispositions. Slight and consistent decrease in probation until 1994-95, followed by a slight increase. Decrease in fine and community service order and absolute discharge dispositions.
Table 6.1: Male Youth Disposition*, Canada
DISPOSITION** | 1991/1992 |
1992/1993 |
1993/1994 |
1994/1995 |
1995/1996 |
1996/1997 |
Secure Custody | 9,014 |
9,785 |
10,033 |
10,521 |
9,671 |
10,396 |
Detention for Treatment | 10 |
3 |
4 |
8 |
3 |
- |
Open Custody | 11,110 |
11,862 |
12,587 |
11,800 |
11,541 |
11,385 |
Probation | 25,721 |
25,437 |
24,475 |
28,675 |
28,395 |
30,047 |
Fine | 5,091 |
4,641 |
4,543 |
3,786 |
3,545 |
3,043 |
Compensation | 222 |
225 |
175 |
136 |
137 |
162 |
Pay Purchaser | 34 |
71 |
81 |
31 |
20 |
24 |
Compensation (Kind) | 21 |
11 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
Community Service Order | 7,573 |
7,942 |
8,208 |
3,743 |
3,821 |
3,531 |
Restitution | 147 |
140 |
129 |
94 |
116 |
91 |
Prob./Seizure/Forfeit | 64 |
81 |
144 |
18 |
25 |
36 |
Absolute Discharge | 2,206 |
2,053 |
1,930 |
1,745 |
1,543 |
1,062 |
Other | 1,943 |
2,330 |
2,304 |
798 |
892 |
1,196 |
TOTAL | 63,156 |
64,581 |
64,616 |
61,360 |
59,716 |
60,979 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Disposition is the most serious disposition for a person or a case. The dispositions above are ordered from most to least serious. If the disposition with the
highest priority is a fine, compensation on pay purchases, and there is a combination of these, the disposition with the largest dollar value is selected as the most significant. In the event that multiple charges result in multiple custody orders, the highest priority is assigned to the largest custody order. The same situation applies in the case of multiple probation orders.
*** - is nil or zero
Table 6.2: Percentage of Male Youth Disposition Per Total Male
Youth Dispositions*, Canada
% OF DISPOSITION | 1991/1992 |
1992/1993 |
1993/1994 |
1994/1995 |
1995/1996 |
1996/1997 |
Secure Custody | 14.0 |
15.2 |
15.5 |
17.2 |
16.2 |
17.0 |
Open Custody | 17.6 |
18.4 |
19.5 |
19.2 |
19.3 |
18.7 |
Probation | 40.7 |
39.4 |
37.9 |
46.7 |
47.6 |
49.3 |
Fine & Community Service Order | 20.5 |
19.5 |
19.7 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
10.8 |
Absolute Discharge | 3.5 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Both community service order and fine contributed to the decrease
Chart 6.2A: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Canada
Table 6.3: Male Youth Disposition*, Regions
DISPOSITION** | 1991/ 1992 | %*** |
1992/ 1993 |
% |
1993/ 1994 |
% |
1994/ 1995 |
% |
1995/ 1996 |
% |
1996/ 1997 |
% |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 915 |
13 |
884 |
15 |
782 |
13 |
773 |
13 |
681 |
12 |
757 |
13 |
Open Custody | 1,414 |
21 |
1,267 |
21 |
1,262 |
21 |
1,333 |
23 |
1,286 |
23 |
1,392 |
23 |
Probation | 3,741 |
56 |
3,220 |
54 |
3,277 |
55 |
3,154 |
54 |
3,099 |
55 |
3,217 |
54 |
Fine & CSO**** | 586 |
9 |
447 |
7 |
435 |
7 |
413 |
7 |
366 |
6 |
519 |
9 |
Absolute Discharge | 158 |
2 |
138 |
2 |
147 |
3 |
164 |
3 |
129 |
2 |
100 |
2 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 1,678 |
22 |
1,531 |
19 |
1,568 |
19 |
1,548 |
18 |
1,181 |
15 |
1,473 |
17 |
Open Custody | 969 |
12 |
1,124 |
14 |
1,074 |
13 |
1,257 |
18 |
1,013 |
13 |
1,072 |
13 |
Probation | 3,741 |
48 |
4,014 |
49 |
4,131 |
51 |
4,264 |
50 |
4,106 |
54 |
4,669 |
55 |
Fine & CSO | 1,154 |
15 |
1,166 |
14 |
1,003 |
12 |
1,117 |
13 |
1,184 |
15 |
1,265 |
15 |
Absolute Discharge | 108 |
1 |
116 |
1 |
111 |
1 |
100 |
1 |
113 |
1 |
86 |
1 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 3,325 |
16 |
3,803 |
16 |
4,075 |
16 |
4,716 |
21 |
4,666 |
20 |
4,719 |
21 |
Open Custody | 4,888 |
23 |
5,370 |
23 |
5,984 |
24 |
5,170 |
23 |
5,467 |
24 |
5,230 |
23 |
Probation | 5,745 |
27 |
5,947 |
25 |
5,739 |
23 |
10,900 |
47 |
10,632 |
47 |
11,322 |
50 |
Fine & CSO | 4,948 |
23 |
5,251 |
23 |
6,162 |
27 |
1,156 |
5 |
1,064 |
4 |
846 |
4 |
Absolute Discharge | 947 |
4 |
1,051 |
5 |
1,009 |
4 |
868 |
4 |
727 |
3 |
490 |
2 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 2,659 |
13 |
2,935 |
15 |
2,942 |
15 |
2,846 |
16 |
2,545 |
14 |
2,750 |
17 |
Open Custody | 2,763 |
13 |
2,788 |
14 |
2,903 |
15 |
2,798 |
16 |
2,665 |
15 |
2,441 |
15 |
Probation | 8,425 |
41 |
8,121 |
41 |
7,793 |
40 |
7,018 |
39 |
7,321 |
42 |
7,312 |
45 |
Fine & CSO | 5,375 |
26 |
5,117 |
25 |
4,666 |
24 |
4,361 |
24 |
4,261 |
24 |
3,585 |
22 |
Absolute Discharge | 742 |
4 |
490 |
2 |
498 |
3 |
418 |
2 |
411 |
2 |
282 |
2 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 437 |
7 |
632 |
9 |
664 |
11 |
638 |
11 |
598 |
10 |
697 |
12 |
Open Custody | 1,076 |
17 |
1,304 |
19 |
1,364 |
22 |
1,242 |
21 |
1,110 |
19 |
1,250 |
21 |
Probation | 4,069 |
63 |
4,135 |
59 |
3,535 |
56 |
3,339 |
56 |
3,237 |
57 |
3,527 |
59 |
Fine & CSO | 601 |
9 |
602 |
9 |
485 |
8 |
478 |
8 |
491 |
8 |
350 |
6 |
Absolute Discharge | 251 |
4 |
258 |
4 |
165 |
3 |
195 |
3 |
163 |
2 |
104 |
2 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Disposition is the most serious disposition for a person or a case. The dispositions above are ordered from most to least serious. If the disposition with the highest priority is a fine, compensation on pay purchases, and there is a combination of these, the disposition with the largest dollar value is selected as the most significant. In the event that multiple charges result in multiple custody orders, the highest priority is assigned to the largest custody order. The same situation applies in the case of multiple probation orders.
*** Percentage of male youth dispositions per total male youth dispositions
**** CSO = Community Service Order
Chart 6.3A: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Atlantic Region
Chart 6.3B: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Quebec Region
Chart 6.3C: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Ontario Region
Chart 6.3D: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Prairie Region
Chart 6.3E: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Pacific Region
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MALE YOUTH TRANSFERRED TO ADULT COURT?
* See Appendix E for additional research findings
Table 7.1: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court*, Regions & Canada
1991/ 1992 |
1992/ 1993 |
1993/ 1994 |
1994/ 1995 |
1995/ 1996 |
1996/ 1997 |
|
Atlantic | 5 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
- |
- |
Quebec | 25 |
11 |
5 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
Ontario | 12 |
19 |
21 |
25 |
15 |
12 |
Prairie | 24 |
15 |
60 |
70 |
38 |
40 |
Pacific | 2 |
2 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
9 |
Canada Total** | 68 (16.6)*** |
50 (16.2) |
94 (16.3) |
117(16.3) |
70 (16.1) |
87(16.4) |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Average excluding male youth aged <12 or >17
*** Average age of youth transferred to adult court
Table 7.2: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court* by Age, Canada
Total | <12 | 12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
>17 |
Unknown |
|
1991/1992 | 68 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
4 |
12 |
45 |
6 |
- |
1992/1993 | 50 |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
3 |
5 |
31 |
8 |
1 |
1993/1994 | 94 |
- |
- |
1 |
2 |
9 |
15 |
60 |
6 |
1 |
1994/1995 | 117 |
- |
3 |
- |
3 |
9 |
37 |
62 |
3 |
- |
1995/1996 | 70 |
1 |
- |
- |
3 |
6 |
11 |
47 |
2 |
- |
1996/1997 | 87 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
10 |
28 |
43 |
4 |
1 |
Canada Total | 486 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
12 |
41 |
108 |
288 |
29 |
3 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
Chart 7.1: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court, Canada 1991/92 1996-97
EXPLANATION AND DEFINITION OF DATA SOURCES
1. UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING SURVEY
2. REVISED, OR INCIDENT BASED, UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING SURVEY
3. YOUTH COURT SURVEY
4. CORRECTIONS KEY INDICATOR REPORT FOR ADULTS AND YOUNG OFFENDERS
5. CANADIAN CENSUS
DATA PRESENTATION
REPORT: Serious Violent Offenses and Offenders in Youth Court
Naomi Lee and Tim Leonard, December 1995
REPORTS: Serious Violent Offenses and Offenders in Youth Court
Naomi Lee and Tim Leonard, December 1995
A Profile of the Juvenile Justice System in Canada
Sharon Moyer, November 1996
REPORT: Serious Violent Offenses and Offenders in Youth Court
Naomi Lee and Tim Leonard, December 1995
Youth Court Survey
Uniform Crime Report
Corrections Key Indicator Report
The data used in this report are the average month-end admission count to a facility. Averages are calculated by adding all month-end admission counts and dividing the total number of months for the corresponding period. Actual in counts includes all youths on remand and temporary detention, sentenced offenders and other young offenders who are legally required to be at a facility and are present at the time the count is taken.