We would like to express our sincere thanks to all those who had assisted us in the execution of this study. At National Headquarters, Joe Beltempo and Bessie Pang provided considerable support, especially in regards to the timely collection and entry of data. Verne Quinsey was also very helpful in providing guidance for this study, and deserves considerable thanks. We would also like to extend our appreciation for the efforts of those in the regions, namely, the case management staff.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This research arose from a series of reviews by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) on programs and services for sex offenders. These reviews had underscored the fact that a more co-ordinated sex offender programming and service strategy was needed in Canadian federal corrections. In addition, it was recommended that further research on sex offenders be pursued. Therefore, a nationwide 'Sex Offender Population Study' was initiated which had two components: 1) a census identification of all sex offenders and 2) an extensive case file review of a large sample of sex offenders from across the country. This preliminary report describes, in detail, the 'Sex Offender Census' that was conducted to accurately identify the number, types and characteristics of sex offenders under the jurisdiction of the CSC - both in institutions and under community supervision.

The research began with the design and development of a structured survey instrument and a set of instructions for completing a 'Sex Offender Census Checklist'. The 'Census Checklist' gathered case-specific information on the following: status (i.e., current offenses or previous history), details of the current sex offence (i.e., nature of the offence, number of victims, age and gender of victims, degree of injury, degree of force, presence of alcohol or drugs), past history of sexual offenses (i.e., patterns, seriousness) and treatment history (i.e., dates, type/nature, location, sponsors).

The 'Sex Offender Census' was conducted with the assistance of the Correctional Programs and Operations Sector of the CSC, regional headquarters and operational units (i.e., penitentiaries and parole offices) across Canada. All sex offenders under federal supervision - both in institutions and in the community - were assessed during March 1991 using the structured 'Census Checklist'. The survey instrument was administered by case management officers who reviewed their current caseloads for sex offenders. In order to identify sex offenders the following criteria were to be applied - if the offender: 1) is currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence; 2) has been convicted in the past for one or more sexual offenses; 3) committed a sexually-related offence, but is not currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence; and 4) committed a sexual offence in the past but was never convicted for it.

Upon examination of CSC's automated offender information system, it was discovered that over the past five years that there had been a steady growth (20.4%) in the admission rate of offenders whose major admitting offence was a sex offence. While in 1986/87 there were 545 such admissions (8.9% out of a total of 6,136 admissions), by 1990/91, this figure had risen to 692 (10.7% out of a total of 6,475 admissions). This trend, however, was deemed to be an understatement of the actual rate of sex offender admissions when one considers admissions who have sex offenses which are not the major admitting offence, past sexual offenses or sexually-related offenses.

The 'Sex Offender Census' yielded information on a total of 3,066 male federal male sex offenders. Results at the time of the survey showed that these sex offenders made up 14.9% of the CSC's total offender population. In addition, it was found that 18.9% of the incarcerated population and 9.9% of the conditional release population were sex offenders. A total of 2,162 sex offenders (70.5%) were identified by the census as being incarcerated and 904 (29.5%) were found to be under community supervision (i.e., Day Parole [18.9%]; Full Parole [46.8%]; Mandatory Supervision [34.4%]). While 48.8% of the incarcerated sex offenders were located in medium security institutions, 6.4% were situated in regional psychiatric or treatment centres. Interestingly, nearly half of the incarcerated sex offender population could be accounted for by a total of five CSC institutions.

Some noteworthy differences were found in relation to the regional distribution of sex offenders across federal corrections. The 'Sex Offender Census' revealed that over fifty percent of the sex offender population could be accounted for by two regions: Ontario (25.2%) and Prairie (26.2%). A consistent pattern also emerged of a higher proportion of sex offenders in institutions relative to under community supervision. This pattern was most evident for the following Ontario, Prairie, and Pacific regions. On the other hand, the Atlantic and Quebec regions were found to be more evenly distributed with respect to the location of sex offenders.

Of special interest in the census was the nature of sexual offending amongst the federal sex offender population. Descriptive analyses revealed that the majority of federal sex offenders were serving their first sentence for a sexual offence and roughly a quarter were currently serving a sentence and had been convicted in the past for sexual offense (i.e., repeaters). As expected, those cases identified in the census as currently serving a sentence and had been convicted in the past for sexual offending (i.e., the highest risk group) were more likely to have received or be in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC. For the 2,013 sex offenders who had only a current sex offence, one out of four of these sex offenders had either completed or were in treatment.

At the time of the census, one out of four sex offenders had completed or were participating in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC . More important, however, there was relatively little differentiation to be found among the various sex offender types in relation to either the proportion of cases who had received or were participating in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC.

Although two thirds of the incarcerated sex offenders identified in the census had past their parole eligibility date, it is suggested that these individuals may form a rather unique group of high risk candidates for release into the community (i.e., degree of harm to victim(s), lengthy sentences, refused treatment, unsuitable for treatment, etc.). Therefore, a note of caution is warranted and further analyses are required before any definitive conclusion could be drawn. Nevertheless, nearly one out of four of those sex offenders identified as past their parole eligibility date had been treated or were in-progress. As expected, sex offenders as a group were more likely to have been treated or in a treatment program as they approached their parole eligibility date.

Data analysis for the Sex Offender Population study continues, and research will now focus on the development of typologies for differential treatment regimes. Most of the research results obtained to date are being used to help answer a variety of questions relating to the federal sex offender population in Canada and to current and planned programming for sex offenders.

I. INTRODUCTION

The Working Group on Sex Offender Treatment Review (Solicitor General Canada, 1990) and the Correctional Service of Canada's (CSC) Task Force on Mental Health (CSC, 1991) both recommended further research on sex offenders for the purpose of developing and evaluating special treatment programs. Since these reviews had underscored the fact that a more co-ordinated programming and service strategy was needed, it was strongly recommended, as a first step, that a census identification of sex offenders under the federal jurisdiction of CSC be pursued.

At the time of the above mentioned reviews, statistical information on key characteristics of sex offenders (i.e., nature of the offence), circumstances surrounding the offence(s) (i.e., degree of victim injury, involvement of alcohol/drugs) and treatment history were not available through CSC's existing automated Offender Information Systems (Gordon & Porporino, 1991). Therefore, a national census of sex offenders was conducted in order to accurately identify the number, types and characteristics of federally sentenced sex offenders - both in institutions and under community supervision.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT

The national survey of sex offenders under federal supervision initially began in 1990 with the design and development of a 'Sex Offender Census Checklist' (see Appendix A) and a set of instructions for completing the survey instrument (see Appendix B). Both the 'Census Checklist' and instructions for completing the instrument were made available in both english and french.

The 'Census Checklist' was divided into four main sections. First, "identifying information" gathered relevant data with respect to personal demographics (i.e., age) and correctional process (i.e., date of admission on this sentence, parole eligibility dates, present location and status).

Second, "sex offender status" identified all the possible ways an individual on a case management caseload could be a sex offender. For example, the following criteria were to be applied - if the offender: 1) is currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence; 2) has been convicted in the past for one or more sexual offenses; 3) committed a sexually-related offence, but is not currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence; and 4) committed a sexual offence in the past but were never convicted.

Third, the 'Census Checklist' gathered case-specific information on details of the "current sex offence" (i.e., nature of the offence, number of victims, age and sex of victims, degree of injury, degree of force).

Finally, the 'Census Checklist' surveyed the "past history" of sexual offenses (i.e., patterns, seriousness) and treatment history (i.e., dates, type/nature, location, sponsors).

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SEX OFFENDER CENSUS

The census identification of all sex offenders under federal jurisdiction was conducted with the assistance of CSC staff from national headquarters, regional headquarters (Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairie, Pacific) and the operational units (i.e., penitentiaries and parole offices) spread across the country.

The 'Census Checklist' was administered by case management staff during the month of March 1991. Instructions were given to all case management staff to identify all sex offenders on current caseloads - both in institutions and in the community. Regional contact persons served to collect the completed 'Census Checklists' and then forward them to research staff at National Headquarters to be entered into a sex offender database.

IV. FINDINGS

A. SEX OFFENDER ADMISSION RATES

Over the past five years, there has been a 20.4 % growth in the rate of admission of offenders whose major admitting offence (i.e., offence which received the longest sentence) was a sex offence. While for fiscal year 1986/87 there were 545 offenders whose major admitting offence was a sex offence (8.9% of a total 6,136 admissions), by 1990/91 this figure had risen by 147 cases to 692 (10.7% of a total of 6,475 admissions).

Table 1.

Percent of New Admissions for Sex Offenses (1986/87 - 1990/91)

Fiscal Year	Total Annual Admissions	Sex Offender Admissions	Percent Sex Offenders

1986/87	6,136	545	8.9
1987/88	6,315	570	9.0
1988/89	6,281	707	11.3
1989/90	6,598	669	10.1
1990/91	6,475	692	10.7

B. DISTRIBUTION OF SEX OFFENDERS

The national sex offender census yielded information on a total of 3,066 sex offenders. Overall, the results of the census showed that sex offenders made up 14.9% of the CSC's total offender population. It was found that 18.9% of the incarcerated population and 9.9% of the conditional release population were sex offenders. As Table 2 shows, 2,162 sex offenders (70.5%) identified by the census were incarcerated and 904 sex offenders (29.5%) were under community supervision. Of note is the fact that in the Atlantic and Quebec regions there is a more equal distribution of sex offenders who are incarcerated versus under community supervision. A distribution of identified sex offenders by operational units is appended (see Appendix C).

Table 2.

Relative Distribution of Sex Offenders by Location

Location	Atlantic n %	Quebec n %	Ontario n %	Prairie n %	Pacific n %	TOTAL n %

Incarcerated	175 57.0	344 55.4	615 79.6	620 77.1	408 72.7	2,162 70.5
Community	132 43.0	277 44.6	158 20.4	184 22.9	153 27.3	904 29.5
Total	307 10.0	621 20.3	773 25.2	804 26.2	561 18.3	3,066

Table 3 presents the regional distribution of incarcerated sex offenders by security level. Nearly half of the incarcerated sex offenders were in medium-security institutions, and 6.4% were located in regional psychiatric or treatment centres.

Table 3.

Regional Distribution of Incarcerated Sex Offenders by Security Level

Security Level	Atlantic n %	Quebec n %	Ontario n %	Prairie n %	Pacific n %

Minimum	55 31.4	60 17.4	38 6.2	51 8.2	18 4.4
Medium	31 17.7	204 59.3	241 39.2	302 68.4	279 68.4
Maximum	76 43.0	67 19.5	304 49.4	196 31.6	49 12.0
RPC/RTC	N/A	N/A	31 5.0	45 7.3	62 15.2
High Maximum	N/A	10 2.9	N/A	7 1.1	N/A
Provincial/CCC	13 7.4	3 0.9	1 0.2	19 3.1	N/A
Total	175 8.1	344 15.9	615 28.4	620 28.7	408 18.9

Note: RPC = Regional Psychiatric Centre; RTC = Regional Treatment Centre; CCC = Community Correctional Centre; N/A = Not Applicable

In Table 4, we present the regional distribution of sex offenders according to their current release status. Of those sex offenders under community supervision, 18.9% were on day parole, 46.8% were on full parole and 34.3% were on mandatory supervision. In Ontario, as contrasted with other regions, a larger proportion of sex offenders are under mandatory supervision relative to those on day parole or full parole.

Table 4.

Regional Distribution of Sex Offenders on Conditional Release by Current Status

Release Status	Atlantic n %	Quebec n %	Ontario n %	Prairie n %	Pacific n %	Total n %

Day Parole	18 31.6	63 22.7	16 10.1	35 19.0	39 25.5	171 18.9
Full Parole	82 62.1	134 48.3	60 38.0	87 47.3	60 39.2	423 46.8
Mandatory Supervision	32 24.2	80 28.9	82 51.9	62 33.7	54 35.3	310 34.3
Total	132 14.6	277 30.6	158 17.5	184 20.4	153 16.9	904

C. SEXUAL OFFENCE HISTORY AND TREATMENT

In order to explore the extent of sexual offending among the federal sex offender population, we categorized sex offenders identified in the census as to whether or not they were currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence and/or had been convicted in the past for one or more sexual offenses. An inspection of Table 5 reveals that the majority of federal sex offenders (65.7%) were serving their first sentence for a sexual offence. While 828 cases (27%) were currently serving a sentence and had been convicted in the past for sexual offenses, there were 187 cases (6.1%) who were not currently serving a sentence for sexual offending but had been convicted in the past. Interestingly, 38 cases (1.2%) were identified in the census as both currently not serving a sentence and never had been convicted of a sexual offence. These individuals represent those cases identified in the census who had committed a sexually-related offence and were not currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence as well as those who had previously committed a sexual offence for which they were never convicted.

As expected, those cases identified in the census as currently serving a sentence and had been convicted in the past for sexual offending (i.e., the highest risk group) were more likely to have received or be in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC. We also note in Table 5 that those cases who were identified as currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence but had not been convicted in the past for a sexual offence were the next most likely group to have received treatment or currently be participating in a sex offender treatment programme.

Table 5.

Distribution of Sex Offenders by Sexual Offence History and Treatment

CURRENT SEXUAL OFFENCE	HISTORY OF SEXUAL OFFENSES	N	TREATMENT*

YES	YES	828	30.8%
YES	NO	2,013	25.0%
NO	YES	187	10.2%
NO	NO	38	2.6%
TOTAL		3,066	25.4%

Note: *Treatment programmes offered or sponsored by CSC.

D. SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF SEX OFFENDERS AND TREATMENT

Table 6 presents the percentage of cases identified in the census for selected characteristics (i.e., seriousness, number of victims, threat of force or serious injury, type of sexual offence) and the proportion of these sex offenders who had received or were in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC. Overall, the results indicated that two out of three cases identified in the census had sexual offenses in which there was one victim and threat of force and/or serious injury had been used in the commission of the offence. It is noteworthy that approximately 30% of these sex offenders had received or were in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC.

In examining the type of offence(s) with respect to homogeneity of sexual offending, the census revealed that 6.2% of the cases were incest offenders, 21% were paedophiles, 40.4% were for convicted for sexual assault only, and for other offenses (i.e., exhibitionism) the percentage was 3.1%. On the other hand, 27.9% were identified as sex offenders with mixed offenses (i.e., incest and sexual assault, etc.). At the time of the census, we note that there was relatively little differentiation to be found among the sex offender population with respect to the proportion of cases who had received or were participating in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC.

Table 6.

Distribution of Sex offenders by Selected Characteristics and Treatment

CHARACTERISTICS	CASES IDENTIFIED	TREATMENT IN PROGRESS OR COMPLETED

Increasing seriousness (violence) and rate of offenses over time:	42.0%	30.6%
Two or more victims:	33.7%	31.4%
Threat of force and/or serious injury:	68.4%	26.9%
Type of Sexual Offence: Incest Paedophilia Sexual Assault Mixed Other Not known	6.2% 21.0% 40.4% 27.9% 3.1% 1.5%	31.6% 27.1% 24.3% 25.8% 18.1% 13.0%

E. SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT AND PAROLE ELIGIBILITY

A regional distribution of those sex offenders identified in census as having received or were in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC is presented in Table 7. While over 25% of the sex offenders had received or were receiving sex offender treatment, we note that this percentage does not include those cases who were in treatment and dropped out (5.1%), or those who had completed treatment or were in a sex offender program offered by other agencies (4.9% and 3.8%, respectively). It is noteworthy that the smallest proportion of sex offenders treated or in progress was in the Quebec Region.

Table 7.

Distribution of Sex Offenders by Region and Treatment

REGION	TREATMENT IN PROGRESS OR COMPLETED

ATLANTIC	35.2%
QUEBEC	11.9%
ONTARIO	33.5%
PRAIRIES	21.6%
PACIFIC	29.1%
NATIONAL	25.4%

The offender information available on the census checklist allowed for an examination of the proportion of sex offenders treated or in-progress by parole eligibility date. It should be noted, however, that since complete information on each offender was not captured on the checklists (i.e., parole eligibility date), it was decided to delete these cases (less than 1%) and conduct the analyses.

The distribution of sex offenders identified in the census past parole eligibility date as well as within six months, one year and two years of parole eligibility is presented in Table 8. While the majority of sex offenders identified in the census had past their parole eligibility date (68.6%), a note of caution is warranted. Sex offenders identified in the census as being past parole eligibility may form a rather unique group of high risk candidates for release into the community (i.e., degree of harm to victim(s), lengthy sentences, refused treatment, unsuitable for treatment, etc.). Therefore, it is not surprising to find that this group of offenders would accumulate in custody and before any definitive conclusions could be drawn further analyses are required. Nevertheless, nearly one out of four of those sex offenders identified as past their parole eligibility date had been treated or were in-progress. As expected, the pattern of results in Table 8 shows that sex offenders as a group were more likely to have been treated or in a treatment program as they approached parole eligibility.

Table 8.

Proportion of Sex Offenders Treated or In-progress by Parole Eligibility

Past Parole Eligibility Date (n = 1,475)	Within Six Months (n = 259)	Within 1 Year (n = 432)	Within 2 Years (n = 558)

23.5%	13.5%	11.8%	10.8%

V. DISCUSSION

The national sex offender census was conducted in order to provide statistical information on the growth and key characteristics of sex offenders [nature of the offence, circumstances surrounding their offence(s) (i.e., degree of victim injury, involvement of alcohol/drugs) and treatment history]. More specifically, the census was an attempt to accurately identify the number, types and characteristics of federally sentenced sex offenders - both in institutions and under community supervision.

Upon examination of CSC's offender information system, it was found that there had been steady growth (20.4%) in the rate of admission of offenders over the past five years whose major admitting offence was a sex offence. While in 1986/87 there were 545 admissions of sex offenders (8.9% of a total 6,136 admissions), by 1990/91, this figure had risen to 692 (10.7% of a total of 6,475 admissions). We note that these admission figures represent an understatement of actual sex offender admissions due to some limitations inherent in CSC's automated offender information system. For example, the aforementioned rates do not reflect those new admissions who had been involved in sexual offenses but did not receive the longest sentence for that offence, had been involved in sexual in the past or had committed sexually-related offenses. Nevertheless, the current trend for major admitting offence which are sexual being on the rise appears to substantiate the claim that a more co-ordinated programming and service strategy is needed.

Notwithstanding the finding that sex offenders made up 14.9% of the CSC's total offender population, it was also discovered that 18.9% of the incarcerated population and 9.9% of the conditional release population were sex offenders. There were, however, 70.5% of sex offenders incarcerated and 29.5% under community supervision. Albeit, that a substantial proportion of sex offenders were in custody, it was further found that nearly half of them were located in a total of five medium security institutions. It may be important to consider this tendency for sex offenders to accumulate in specific institutions when formulating a service strategy in federal corrections.

In a similar fashion, some noteworthy differences were found in relation to the regional distribution of sex offenders across federal corrections. The 'Sex Offender Census' revealed that over fifty percent of sex offenders could be accounted for by two regions: Ontario (25.2%) and Prairie (26.2%). In addition, there was variation across the regions with respect to the proportion of sex offenders incarcerated versus under community supervision. Whereas a consistent pattern emerged of a higher proportion of sex offenders in institutions relative to under community supervision, this pattern was most evident for the following Ontario, Prairie, and Pacific regions, the Atlantic and Quebec regions were found to be more evenly distributed with respect to the location of sex offenders.

Of special interest in the census was the nature of sexual offending among the federal sex offender population. Descriptive analyses revealed that the even though the majority of federal sex offenders were serving their first sentence for a sexual offence, roughly a quarter were currently serving a sentence and had been convicted in the past for sexual offense. As expected, those cases identified in the census as currently serving a sentence and had been convicted in the past for sexual offending (i.e., the highest risk group) were more likely to have received or be in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC. For the 2,013 sex offenders who had only a current sex offence, one out of four sex offenders had either completed or were in treatment.

Using the selected criteria for identifying sex offenders on caseload, the distributions of sex offenders were examined in relation to a variety of characteristics. Nearly a half of these sex offenders showed an increase in seriousness (violence) and rate of offenses over time, one out of three had two or more victims, and two out of three used threat of force and/or serious injury during their offence. In regards to type of sexual offence, the largest proportion of sexual offenders had committed sexual assault against an adult victim. At the time of the census, one out of four sex offenders had completed or were participating in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC . More importantly, however, there was relatively little differentiation found among the various sex offender types in relation to the proportion of cases who had received or were participating in a sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC.

Data analysis for the 'Sex Offender Population Study' continues, and research will now focus on the development of typologies for differential treatment regimes. Most of the research results obtained to date are being used to help answer a variety of questions relating to the federal sex offender population in Canada and to current and planned programming for sex offenders.

REFERENCES

CSC (1991). Report of the Task Force on Mental Health. Ottawa: Communications Branch

Gordon, A. & Porporino, F.J. (1991). The management and treatment of incarcerated sexual offenders. Corrections Today, 53, 162-168.

Solicitor General of Canada. (1990). The management and treatment of sex offenders. Report of the Working Group: Sex Offender Treatment Review. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.

Appendix A:

IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

1. FPS Number ___:___:___:___:___:___:___

2. Coding Date (yy/mm/dd) ___ ___/___ ___/___ ___

3. Offender’s Date of Birth (yy/mm/dd) ___ ___/___ ___/___ ___

4. Date of admission on this sentence (yy/mm/dd) ___ ___/___ ___/___ ___

5. Mandatory supervision date (yy/mm/dd): ___ ___/___ ___/___ ___

6. Parole eligibility date (yy/mm/dd) ___ ___/___ ___/___ ___

7. Present location of offender:

1. Institution: _______________
2. Parole Office: _______________

8. Present status:

1. Incarcerated
2. Day parole
3. Full parole
4. Mandatory supervision

SEXUAL OFFENDER STATUS

9. Indicate all of the ways in which this individual was identified as a sex offender. (Check all that apply)

The offender:
1. is currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence. :____:
2. has been convicted in the past for one or more sexual offenses: - Federal (__ __) - Provincial, including probation (__ __)
3. committed a sexually-related offence, but is not currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence (see Guidelines). :____:
4. has previously committed a sexual offence for which he was never convicted (see Guidelines). :____:

CURRENT SEXUAL OFFENCE

10. If the offender is currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence(s):

a) Specify the nature of the offence(s): (Check all that apply)
1. Incest :____:
2. Paedophilia: male child under 16 yrs. :____:
3. Paedophilia: female child under 16 yrs :____:
4. Paedophilia: male and female children under 16 yrs :____:
5. Sexual Assault: adult male or female 16 yrs. & over :____:
6. Other sexual offenses (e.g., exhibitionism) :____:
7. No information :____:

b) How many were involved? (___ ___)

c) indicate sex (M/F) and age group of the victims:
(Check all that apply) M F
1. Children (< 12 years) :___::___:
2. 12 to 17 years
3. Adult (18 or over)

11. Degree of victim injury from the current sexual offence(s)::___:

0. No injury
1. Slight injury; no weapon
2. Slight injury; weapon used
3. Treated in a clinic and released
4. Hospitalized for at least one night
5. Caused death; without post-death mutilation
6. Caused death; with post-death mutilation
7. Not known

12. Degree of force or coercion used to commit the current sexual offence(s): :___:

0. No coercion
1. Threatened to use force; no weapon used
2. Threatened to use force; weapon used
3. Used physical aggression, minor assault (e.g., hit, slapped, struck, minor physical injury)
4. Brutal assault with serious physical injury (e.g., wounding, maiming, disfiguring, endangering victim’s life)
5. Caused death; without post-death mutilation
6. Caused death; post-death mutilation
7 . Not known

13. Were alcohol or drugs involved in any of the current sexual offence(s)? :___:

0. No
1. Yes
2 . Not known

PAST HISTORY OF SEXUAL OFFENSES

14. Were alcohol or drugs involved in any of the previous sexual offence(s)? :___:

0. No
1. Yes
2. Not known

15. Is there a pattern of increasing seriousness (violence) and rate of sexual offenses over time? :___:

0. No
1. Yes
2. Not known

16. a) Has the offender ever received any sex offender treatment program offered or sponsored by CSC: :___:

0. No
1. Yes, completed
Date of completion:(yy/mm/dd): :___ ___/___ ___/___ ___
(go to part (b))
2. Yes, but dropped out
Date of last attendance at program:
(yy/mm/dd) (go to part (b)) :___ ___/___ ___/___ ___
3. Yes, in progress now (go to part (b))
4. Not known
b) If yes, specify the type/nature of treatment and the location (Institution or Community):________________________________

17. a) Has the offender ever received any sex offender treatment program offered or sponsored by any other organization or treatment facility: :___:

0. No
1. Yes, completed
Date of completion:(yy/mm/dd) (go to part (b)) :___ ___/___ ___/___ ___
2. Yes, but dropped out
Date of last attendance at program:
(yy/mm/dd) (go to part (b)) :___ ___/___ ___/___ ___
3. Yes, in progress now (go to part (b))
4 . Not known
b) If yes, specify the type/nature of treatment and the location: ________________________________________

18. Has the offender expressed interest for any sex offender treatment program during the current sentence: :___:

0. No
1. Yes
2. Not known

THANK YOU!
Your cooperation is very much appreciated.

Appendix B:

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE SEX OFFENDER CENSUS CHECKLIST

IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

FPS Number:
Coding Date: Date on which you are completing this checklist.
Offender's Date of Birth:
Date of Admission on this sentence:
Date for offender's current admission
Enter the dates for these items.
Present location of offender: Name of Institution or Parole Office.
Present Status:

Code 1

("Incarcerated"), if: offender is currently incarcerated.

Code 2

("Day Parole"), if: offender is currently on day parole.

Code 3

("Full Parole"), if: offender is currently on full parole.

Code 4

("Mandatory Supervision"), if: offender is currently under mandatory supervision.

SEXUAL OFFENDER STATUS

Indicate all of the ways in which this individual was identified as a sex offender. (Check all that apply). The offender:

Check 1

("is currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence"), if: he is currently serving a sentence for at least one sexual offence.

Check 2

("has been convicted in the past for one or more sexual offenses: (Indicate no. of offenses))

-	Federal, if: they were convicted for one or more sexual offenses and had served a federal sentence(s) prior to current sentence, indicate the number of sexual offenses for which they were convicted.

-	Provincial, if: they were convicted for one or more sexual offenses and had served a provincial sentence(s), including a probationary sentence(s) prior to current sentence, indicate the number of sexual offenses for which they were convicted.

Check 3

("committed a sexually-related offence, but is not currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence"), if. offender's current offence is sexually - related, but has been convicted for a non-sexual offence, e.g. due to plea bargaining.

Check 4

("has previously committed a sexual offence for which he was never convicted"), if: offender committed a sexual offence in the past but was never convicted for it, e.g. victim never reported the sexual incident, but offender admitted to its commission in a psychology report.

CURRENT SEXUAL OFFENCE

If the offender is currently serving a sentence for a sexual offence(s): (Check all that apply)

Specify the nature of the offence(s): (Check all that apply)
Record all sexual offenses for which the offender was charged for the current sentence. More than one of the following may be applicable:

Check 1

("Incest"), if: offender had sexual intercourse with a victim who is related to offender by blood relationship; this includes half-brother and half-sister.

Check 2

("Paedophilia; male child"), if: victim was a male under 16 years old at time of incident.

Check 3

("Paedophilia; female child"), if: victim was a female under 16 years old at time of incident.

Check 4

("Paedophilia; male and female children"), if: victims includes both male and female under 16 years old at time of incident.

Check 5

("Sexual Assault; adult male or female"), if: victim was 16 years old or over at time of incident.

Check 6

("Other"), if any of the following is applicable: buggery, bestiality, parent or guardian procuring sexual activity, seduction, acts of gross indecency, indecent exhibition, nudity in a public place.

Number of victims involved:

Record the total number of victims involved with all incidents related to the charge(s) under the current admission.

For cases in which multiple victims were involved and the exact number of victims is unknown, record the approximate number of victims, e.g., "approx. 5"

Indicate the sex and age group of the victim(s):

Degree of victim's(s') injury for the current sexual offence(s):

If more than one victim involved in the incident(s) related to the offender's current sentence, refer to the victim with the most serious injury.
E.g., if three victims were involved and only one sustained injury caused by the offender using a weapon, code 2.

Code 0

("No injury"), if: no physical injury resulted.

Code 1

("Slight injury; without weapon"), if injury was: not serious, not an internal injury, victim(s) was (were) not required to remain at hospital overnight, and no weapon or object was used to threaten or harm victim(s) in any incidents related to current admission. "Slight injury" includes: bruises and scratches.

Code 2

("Slight injury; with weapon"), if injury was: as in all conditions of Code 1 above, and a weapon or an object was used to threaten or harm victim(s) in at least one incident related to current admission.

Code 3

("Victim treated in clinic and released"), if: victim required clinical treatment but not hospitalization.

Code 4

("Victim hospitalized for at least one night"), if: victim was hospitalized for one night or more.

Code 5

("Caused death; without post-death mutilation"), if: victim died as a result of the offence, regardless of the time lapse between the offence and the death, and offender did not mutilate victim's body following victim's death.

Code 6

("Caused death; with post-death mutilation'), if: victim died as a result of the offence, regardless of the time lapse between the offence and the death, and the offender mutilated the victim's body following victim's death.

Code 9

("Not known"), if: no information is available.

Degree of force or coercion used in commission of current sexual offence(s):

Refer to offence(s) related to current sentence only.
If offender's current admission is related to more than one incident, refer to the offence in which most force or aggression was used.
E.g., If three separate incidents occurred, and offender threatened victim with a weapon in only one incident, but no force or threat was used in the other two incidents, code 2.

Code 0

("No coercion"), if: no threat, force or coercion was ever used in the offence(s).

Code 1

("Threatened to use force; no weapon used"), if: verbal or physical threat was used in any of the offenses related to current sentence, and no weapon or object was ever used in any of the offenses related to the current sentence.

Code 2

("Threatened to use force; weapon used"), if: verbal or physical threat was used in any of the offenses related to current sentence, and a weapon or object was produced in any of the offenses related to the current sentence.

Code 3

("Used physical aggression; minor assault"), if: a minor assault was involved, e.g., hitting or slapping, and victim sustained minor injury which did not require overnight hospitalization.

Code 4

("Brutal assault with serious physical injury"), if: assault resulted in serious physical injury which required extensive clinical treatment, e.g., caused physical disability, seriously wounding victim, or endangered victim's life.

Code 5

Code 6

("Caused death; with post-death mutilation"), if: victim died as a result of the offence, regardless of the time lapse between offence and death, and offender mutilated victim's body following victim's death.

Code 9

("Not known"), if: no information is available.

Were alcohol or drugs involved in offender's current sexual offence(s)?

If alcohol or drugs were never involved in any of the incidents, code 0 ("No").
If alcohol or drugs were involved in at least one incident, code 1 ("Yes").

PAST HISTORY OF SEXUAL OFFENSES

IGNORE #14 & #15 If:

PRIOR TO CURRENT ADMISSION, offender HAS NEVER BEEN PLACED ON PROVINCIAL OR FEDERAL SUPERVISION UNDER CSC for any sexual offenses (i.e., current admission is offender's FIRST admission to any form of supervision under CSC); AND
PREVIOUS ADMISSION information did not contain any evidence of commission of sexual offenses.

If 1) AND 2) apply, go to #16

History of sexual offenses includes:

past convictions of sex offence;
current non-sexual offenses which were sexual in nature; and
past sexual offence(s) for which the offender was never convicted.

Were alcohol or drugs involved in any offender's previous sexual offence(s)? If alcohol or drugs were never involved in any of the incidents, code 0 ("No").

If alcohol or drugs were involved in at least one incident, code 1 ("Yes").

Is there a pattern of increasing seriousness (violence) and rate of sexual offenses over time?

Code 0

("No"), if: seriousness and frequency of sexual offenses had not changed significantly over time.

Code 1

("Yes"), if: over time, sexual incidents showed a pattern of increasing seriousness and frequency.

Has the offender ever received any sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by CSC:

Regardless of the date of admission, type, and location of supervision under CSC.

Code 0

("No"), if: offender has never received any sex offender treatment.

Code 1

("Yes, completed"), if: offender has completed for all components of treatment programme, & left the programme under the consent of staff.

"Date":

record the last date of attendance in the programme.

Go to part (b).

Code 2

("Yes, but dropped out") if: without consent from any staff involved with the treatment programme, offender ceased to attend in one or more sessions and did not return to complete the session(s) at a later date; OR offender was requested by treatment staff to discontinue attendance at treatment programme, e.g., offender's presence in treatment group was disruptive to other participants.

"Date":

record the most recent date of attendance in the treatment programme; i.e., last date of attendance, after which offender did not return to attend other sessions.

Go to part (b).

Code 3

("Yes, in progress"), if: offender is currently participating in the treatment programme.

Code 9

("Not known"), if: no information is available in file.

If yes, specify the type/nature of treatment and the location (Institution or Community):

If part (a) was coded 1 or 2, record the type/nature of treatment and location of institution or community.

Has the offender ever received any sex offender treatment programme offered or sponsored by any other organization or treatment facility?
Regardless of the date of admission, type, and location of organization or treatment facility which is not under the jurisdiction of CSC.

Code 0

("No"), if: offender has never received any sex offender treatment.

Code 1

("Yes, completed"), if: offender has completed for all components of treatment programme, & left the programme under the consent of staff.

"Date":

record the last date of attendance in the programme.

Go to part (b).

Code 2

"Date":

record the most recent date of attendance in the treatment programme; i.e., last date of attendance, after which offender did not return to attend other sessions.

Go to part (b).

Code 3

("Yes, in progress"), if: offender is currently participating in the treatment programme.

Code 9

("Not known"), if: no information is available in file.

If yes, specify the type/nature of treatment and the location (Institution or Community):
If part (a) was coded 1 or 2, record the type, nature, and location of treatment facility.

Has the offender expressed interest for any sex offender treatment programme during the current sentence:
During the current admission:

Code 0

("No"), if: offender has never received any sex offender treatment.

Code 1

("Yes"), if: offender has expressed an interest in participating in a sex offender treatment programme.

Code 9

("Not Known"), if: no information is available from the file related to the current admission.

Appendix C:

Distribution by Current Institution

REGION/ Institution	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative Frequency	Cumulative Percent

ATLANTIC

Labrador C.C. Cumberland C.C. Colchester C.C. H.M.P. St. John’s Clarenville C.C. Springhill Dorchester Westmorland	1 2 2 7 1 31 76 55	0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.4 3.5 2.5	1 3 5 12 13 44 120 175	0.0 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 2.0 5.6 8.1


QUEBEC

Benoit Montee St. Francois Federal Training Centre Donnacona Leclerc Archambault Ste-Anne-Des Plaine Quebec R.R.C. Drummond R.R.C.-S.H.U. Cowansville La Macaza Port Cartier	3 29 35 13 15 10 31 5 39 10 53 62 39	0.1 1.3 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.2 1.8 0.5 2.5 2.9 1.8	178 207 242 255 270 280 311 316 355 365 418 480 519	8.2 9.6 11.2 11.8 12.5 13.0 14.4 14.6 16.4 16.9 19.3 22.2 24.0


ONTARIO

Northern Treatment Centre Kingston Treatment Centre Kingston Penitentiary Millhaven Transfer Unit Millhaven Bath Collins Bay Frontenac Beaver Creek Joyceville Pittsburgh Warkworth	1 31 224 79 1 6 7 3 20 12 9 222	0.0 1.4 10.4 3.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.4 10.3	520 551 775 854 855 861 868 871 891 903 912 1,134	24.1 25.5 35.8 39.5 39.5 39.8 40.1 40.3 41.2 41.8 42.2 52.5


PRAIRIES

Calgary C.C. Saskatoon C.C. Lethbridge C.C. Prairies R.P.C. Stony Mountain Rockwood Edmonton Remand Centre Fort Saskatchewan C.C. Saskatchewan Penitentairy Saskatchewan Farm Saskatchewan S.H.U. Regina C.C. Drumheller Bowden Edmonton	3 6 2 45 21 22 4 1 16 29 7 2 82 199 28	1.3 0.3 0.1 2.1 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.0 7.8 1.3 0.3 0.1 3.8 9.2 1.3	1,137 1,143 1,145 1,190 1,211 1,233 1,237 1,238 1,406 1,435 1,442 1,444 1,526 1,725 1,753	52.6 52.9 53.0 55.0 56.0 57.0 57.2 57.3 65.0 66.4 66.7 66.8 70.6 79.8 81.1


PACIFIC

Peace River C.C. William Head Matsqui Pacific R.P.C. Mountain Kent Elbow Lake Ferndale Mission	1 12 13 62 199 49 1 17 53	0.0 0.6 0.6 2.9 9.2 2.3 0.0 0.8 2.5	1,754 1,768 1,781 1,843 2,042 2,091 2,092 2,109 2,162	81.1 81.8 82.4 85.2 94.4 96.7 96.8 97.5 100.0

REGION/ Parole Office	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative Frequency	Cumulative Percent

ATLANTIC

Renous Sand River Centre Parrtown Centre Grand Falls Kentville Charlottetown Cornerbrook Frederickton Halifax Moncton St. John’s, Nfld. Truro Sydney Saint John, N.B. Salvation Army	6 1 1 3 16 5 18 3 21 21 14 10 8 5 1	0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.8 0.6 2.0 0.3 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.2	6 7 8 11 27 32 50 53 74 95 109 119 127 132 134	0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 3.0 3.6 5.6 5.9 8.2 10.6 12.1 13.2 14.1 14.7 14.9


QUEBEC

Phoenix Painchaud Martineau Centre Laferriere Ville-Marie Lafontaine L’Annonciation Sherbrook Quebec Granby Rimouski Chicoutimi Trois-Riveres Ste-Therese Laurentides Secteur Laval Rouny-Noranda Hull Langelier Longueuil	1 5 7 7 15 28 3 3 79 7 6 7 17 12 11 14 6 16 16 15	0.1 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.7 3.1 0.3 0.3 8.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.7	135 140 147 154 169 197 200 203 282 289 295 302 319 331 342 356 362 378 394 409	15.0 15.6 16.4 17.1 18.8 21.9 22.2 22.6 31.4 32.1 32.8 33.6 35.5 36.8 38.0 39.6 40.3 42.0 43.8 45.5


ONTARIO

York Durham John Howard/London Salvation Army/Barrie Toronto East Kingston SO Peterborough Portsmouth Centre Ottawa Barrie Sudbury Timmins Sault-Ste-Marie Keele Centre Toronto-Team Toronto-West London Guelph Hamilton Windsor St.Catherine’s Brantford Downtown Toronto	10 2 4 12 12 11 6 12 6 11 3 3 1 5 14 4 12 8 6 3 4 5	1.1 0.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.6 0.4 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6	419 421 425 437 449 460 466 478 484 495 498 501 502 507 521 525 537 545 551 554 558 563	46.6 46.8 47.3 48.6 49.9 51.2 51.8 53.2 53.8 55.1 55.4 55.7 55.8 56.4 58.0 58.4 59.7 60.6 61.3 61.6 62.1 62.6


PRAIRIES

Osborne Centre High Prairie ASG Olds Stony Plain Oskana Centre Medicine Hat ASG Wetaskiwin St. Albert Sherwood Park Westlock Grierson ASG Winnipeg SO Prince Albert Regina SO Saskatoon Edmonton ASG Red Deer ASG North District ASG Calgary ASG Lethbridge Belmont ASG Bow River ASG	3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 38 16 10 14 39 7 1 29 2 1 6	0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 4.2 1.8 1.1 1.6 4.3 0.8 0.1 3.2 0.2 0.1 0.7	566 568 569 570 572 573 574 575 576 577 583 621 637 647 661 700 707 708 737 739 740 746	63.0 63.2 63.3 63.4 63.6 63.7 63.8 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.8 69.1 70.9 72.0 73.5 77.9 78.6 78.8 82.0 82.2 82.3 83.0


PACIFIC

Sumas Centre Vancouver North Vancouver SO Victoria & Nanai Abbotsford Prince George Chilliwack Kamloops New Westminster	9 16 13 25 16 25 14 28 7	1.0 1.8 1.4 2.8 1.8 2.8 1.6 3.1 0.8	755 771 784 809 825 850 864 892 899	84.0 85.8 87.2 90.0 91.8 94.5 96.1 99.2 100.0

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Resources

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Research Reports

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF APPENDICES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SEX OFFENDER CENSUS

IV. FINDINGS

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Table 8.

V. DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

Appendix A:

Appendix B:

IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

SEXUAL OFFENDER STATUS

CURRENT SEXUAL OFFENCE

PAST HISTORY OF SEXUAL OFFENSES

Appendix C: