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Roberta Lynn Sinclair & Roger Boe
Research Branch
Correctional Service Canada
September, 1998
The focus of this report is a summary and presentation of recent trends involving male young offenders in Canada. It is an update to the original report, B-22, published in May, 1998. This version includes 1997 Uniform Crime Report data. The original report was written in response to a special request, and supplemented a presentation for the Heads of Corrections.
The three data sources used in compiling this report are the Uniform Crime Report Survey, the Youth Court Survey, and the Corrections Key Indicator Report, all published by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Where available, the analyses in this report examine male young offender trends over the past 6 years. The analyses are directed toward seven questions:
1. Has there been an increase in male youth charged by police, 1992-1997?
2. Has there been an increase in male youth processed through the youth court system, 1991/92-1996/97?
3. Are male youth getting involved with crime at a younger age?
4. Are male youth getting more violent?
5. Has there been an increase in the frequency of male youth remanded into custody pending disposition of a charge?
Due to data from only Prince Edward Island, Manitoba and British Columbia, conclusions are tentative.
6. Are male youth getting more serious dispositions?
7. Has there been an increase in the number of male youth transferred to adult court?
QUESTION 1: HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN MALE YOUTH CHARGED BY THE POLICE, 1992 - 1997?
Canada
Regions
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 |
Crimes of Violence | 15,742 | 132.8 | 16,375 | 136.4 | 16,753 | 138.5 | 17,250 | 141.0 | 16,589 | 134.0 | 16,613 | 132.8 |
Property Crimes | 66,591 | 561.9 | 59,242 | 493.6 | 54,784 | 452.9 | 52,945 | 432.9 | 51,242 | 413.9 | 46,234 | 369.5 |
Drugs*** | 2,186 | 18.4 | 2,959 | 24.7 | 4,176 | 37.2 | 4,494 | 36.7 | 4,796 | 38.7 | 4,393 | 35.1 |
Other**** | 27,876 | 235.2 | 27,030 | 225.2 | 25,962 | 214.6 | 26,696 | 218.3 | 26,631 | 215.1 | 26,802 | 214.2 |
TOTAL | 112,395 | 948.4 | 105,606 | 880.1 | 101,675 | 840.6 | 101,385 | 829.0 | 99,258 | 801.8 | 94,042 | 751.7 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12-17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 | 1,251,427 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division.
Chart 1.1A: Total Male Youth Charged by Police, Canada
Chart 1.1B: Male Youth Charged by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,152 | 104.7 | 1,346 | 124.9 | 1,363 | 129.3 | 1,324 | 127.0 | 1,259 | 121.3 | 1,121 | 109.0 |
Property Crimes | 5,784 | 525.8 | 5,264 | 488.3 | 4,974 | 471.9 | 4,663 | 447.3 | 4,868 | 469.1 | 4,082 | 397.0 |
Drugs*** | 112 | 10.2 | 150 | 13.9 | 227 | 21.5 | 223 | 21.4 | 319 | 30.7 | 295 | 28.7 |
Other**** | 2,579 | 234.5 | 2,554 | 236.9 | 2,511 | 238.2 | 2,493 | 239.1 | 2,615 | 252.0 | 2,435 | 236.8 |
TOTAL | 9,627 | 875.2 | 9,314 | 864.0 | 9,075 | 861.0 | 8,703 | 834.8 | 9,061 | 873.8 | 7,933 | 771.5 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 2,549 | 84.8 | 2,502 | 82.4 | 2,617 | 85.7 | 2,696 | 89.0 | 2,501 | 83.3 | 2,546 | 85.9 |
Property Crime | 11,584 | 385.4 | 9,314 | 306.6 | 8,179 | 268.0 | 7,889 | 260.4 | 8,271 | 275.4 | 6,869 | 231.7 |
Drugs | 533 | 17.7 | 936 | 30.8 | 1,272 | 41.7 | 1,286 | 42.5 | 1,445 | 48.1 | 1,398 | 47.2 |
Other | 3,403 | 113.2 | 3,059 | 100.7 | 2,642 | 86.6 | 2,861 | 94.4 | 2,926 | 97.4 | 2,819 | 95.1 |
TOTAL | 18,069 | 601.1 | 15,811 | 520.4 | 14,710 | 482.0 | 14,732 | 486.3 | 15,143 | 504.2 | 13,632 | 459.9 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 6,573 | 155.5 | 6,648 | 154.9 | 6,699 | 154.9 | 7,111 | 161.2 | 6,429 | 142.8 | 6,796 | 147.8 |
Property Crimes | 21,581 | 510.4 | 19,492 | 454.0 | 17,974 | 415.5 | 18,086 | 409.9 | 16,609 | 369.0 | 14,915 | 324.3 |
Drugs | 731 | 17.3 | 945 | 22.0 | 1,427 | 33.0 | 1,718 | 38.9 | 1,791 | 39.8 | 1,551 | 33.7 |
Other | 10,936 | 258.7 | 10,709 | 249.5 | 10,663 | 246.5 | 10,647 | 241.3 | 9,940 | 220.8 | 9,407 | 204.5 |
TOTAL | 39,821 | 941.8 | 37,794 | 800.4 | 36,763 | 849.8 | 37,562 | 851.3 | 34,769 | 772.4 | 32,669 | 710.2 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 3,519 | 164.4 | 3,730 | 171.8 | 3,655 | 166.3 | 3,746 | 167.5 | 4,008 | 175.8 | 3,836 | 165.0 |
Property Crimes | 18,475 | 862.9 | 16,487 | 759.4 | 15,349 | 698.3 | 14,435 | 645.6 | 14,054 | 616.6 | 13,749 | 591.5 |
Drugs | 306 | 14.3 | 430 | 19.8 | 532 | 24.2 | 563 | 25.2 | 632 | 27.7 | 643 | 27.7 |
Other | 8,203 | 383.1 | 7,914 | 364.5 | 7,187 | 327.0 | 7,685 | 343.7 | 8,229 | 361.0 | 8,956 | 385.3 |
TOTAL | 30,503 | 1,424.7 | 28,561 | 1,315.6 | 26,723 | 1,215.8 | 26,429 | 1,182.0 | 26,923 | 1,181.2 | 27,184 | 1,169.5 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,949 | 141.7 | 2,149 | 151.3 | 2,419 | 165.0 | 2,373 | 157.2 | 2,392 | 153.5 | 2,314 | 144.8 |
Property Crimes | 9,167 | 666.7 | 8,685 | 611.6 | 8,308 | 566.7 | 7,872 | 521.4 | 7,440 | 477.6 | 6,619 | 414.3 |
Drugs | 504 | 36.7 | 498 | 35.1 | 718 | 49.0 | 704 | 46.6 | 609 | 39.1 | 506 | 31.7 |
Other | 2,755 | 200.4 | 2,794 | 196.8 | 2,959 | 201.8 | 3,010 | 199.4 | 2,921 | 187.5 | 3,185 | 199.4 |
TOTAL | 14,375 | 1,045.5 | 14,126 | 994.8 | 14,404 | 982.5 | 13,959 | 924.5 | 13,362 | 857.7 | 12,624 | 790.2 |
TOTAL | 112,395 | 948.4 | 105,606 | 880.1 | 101,675 | 840.6 | 101,385 | 829.0 | 99,258 | 801.8 | 94,042 | 751.5 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
Region | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 110,000 | 107,800 | 105,400 | 104,248 | 103,774 | 102,825 |
Quebec | 300,600 | 303,800 | 305,200 | 302,919 | 300,320 | 296,425 |
Ontario | 422,800 | 429,300 | 432,600 | 441,233 | 450,170 | 459,965 |
Prairie | 214,100 | 217,100 | 219,800 | 223,595 | 227,938 | 232,446 |
Pacific | 137,500 | 142,000 | 146,600 | 150,984 | 155,791 | 159,766 |
TOTAL | 1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 | 1,251,427 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division, Demography Division
Chart 1.3A: Male Youth Charged by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions
Canada
Regions
1991/1992 | 1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 |
Crimes of Violence | 16,277 | 144.8 | 17,706 | 149.4 | 18,687 | 155.7 | 18,526 | 153.2 | 17,315 | 141.6 | 18,215 | 147.1 |
Property Crimes | 55,870 | 497.1 | 52,060 | 439.3 | 48,960 | 408.0 | 44,287 | 366.1 | 43,050 | 352.0 | 42,453 | 342.9 |
Drugs*** | 1,894 | 16.9 | 1,985 | 16.8 | 2,726 | 22.7 | 4,002 | 33.1 | 4,212 | 34.4 | 4,747 | 38.3 |
Other**** | 14,599 | 129.9 | 14,986 | 126.5 | 15,098 | 125.8 | 14,500 | 119.9 | 15,762 | 128.9 | 14,258 | 115.2 |
Young Offenders Act***** | 7,163 | 63.7 | 7,675 | 64.8 | 8,587 | 71.6 | 8,270 | 68.4 | 8,790 | 71.9 | 8,440 | 68.2 |
TOTAL | 95,803 | 852.3 | 94,412 | 796.7 | 94,058 | 783.8 | 89,585 | 740.6 | 89,129 | 728.8 | 88,113 | 711.7 |
* Source: Youth Court Statistics
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12-17 years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crimes
***** Young Offenders Act = Failure to Comply with a Disposition or Undertaking, Contempt Against Youth Court, and Assist/Interfere Other
1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,124,000 | 1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 2.1A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Chart 2.1B: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System by Offense Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
1992/1993** | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,231 | 111.9 | 1,322 | 122.6 | 1,326 | 125.8 | 1,304 | 125.1 | 1,400 | 134.9 |
Property Crimes | 4,243 | 385.7 | 4,088 | 379.2 | 3,923 | 372.2 | 3,840 | 368.4 | 4,086 | 393.7 |
Drugs**** | 114 | 10.4 | 154 | 14.3 | 206 | 19.5 | 236 | 22.6 | 333 | 32.1 |
Other ***** | 942 | 85.6 | 864 | 80.1 | 801 | 76.0 | 780 | 74.8 | 912 | 87.9 |
Young Offenders Act****** | 548 | 49.8 | 634 | 58.8 | 662 | 62.8 | 669 | 64.2 | 791 | 76.2 |
Atlantic Total | 7,078 | 643.5 | 7,062 | 655.1 | 6,918 | 656.4 | 6,829 | 655.1 | 7,522 | 724.8 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 2,211 | 73.6 | 2,222 | 73.1 | 2,511 | 82.3 | 2,214 | 73.1 | 2,215 | 73.8 |
Property Crimes | 5,160 | 171.7 | 4,841 | 159.3 | 4,542 | 148.8 | 4,120 | 136.0 | 4,860 | 161.8 |
Drugs | 360 | 12.0 | 768 | 25.3 | 1,178 | 38.6 | 1,088 | 35.9 | 1,328 | 44.2 |
Other | 1,205 | 40.1 | 1,135 | 37.4 | 1,214 | 39.8 | 1,286 | 42.5 | 1,317 | 43.9 |
Young Offenders Act | 735 | 24.5 | 726 | 23.9 | 814 | 26.7 | 826 | 27.3 | 862 | 28.7 |
Quebec Total | 9,671 | 321.7 | 9,692 | 319.0 | 10,259 | 336.1 | 9,534 | 314.7 | 10,582 | 352.4 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 8,160 | 193.0 | 8,759 | 204.0 | 8,416 | 194.5 | 8,647 | 196.0 | 8,259 | 183.5 |
Property Crimes | 20,208 | 478.0 | 20,055 | 467.2 | 17,984 | 415.7 | 17,967 | 407.2 | 16,965 | 376.9 |
Drugs | 786 | 18.6 | 1,017 | 23.7 | 1,529 | 35.3 | 1,921 | 43.5 | 1,983 | 44.1 |
Other | 6,878 | 162.7 | 7,071 | 164.7 | 6,835 | 158.0 | 6,871 | 155.7 | 6,695 | 148.7 |
Young Offenders Act | 2,266 | 53.6 | 2,733 | 63.7 | 2,576 | 59.5 | 2,719 | 61.6 | 2,589 | 57.5 |
Ontario Total | 38,298 | 905.8 | 39,635 | 923.2 | 37,340 | 863.2 | 38,125 | 864.1 | 36,491 | 810.6 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 4,352 | 203.3 | 4,758 | 219.2 | 4,568 | 207.8 | 4,521 | 202.2 | 4,467 | 196.0 |
Property Crimes | 16,347 | 763.5 | 15,184 | 699.4 | 13,404 | 609.8 | 12,947 | 579.0 | 12,338 | 541.3 |
Drugs | 379 | 17.7 | 458 | 21.1 | 642 | 29.2 | 578 | 25.9 | 659 | 28.9 |
Other | 4,974 | 232.3 | 5,060 | 233.1 | 4,725 | 215.0 | 5,046 | 225.7 | 4,363 | 191.4 |
Young Offenders Act | 3,080 | 143.9 | 3,360 | 154.8 | 3,154 | 143.5 | 3,117 | 139.4 | 2,909 | 127.6 |
Prairie Total | 29,132 | 1,360.7 | 28,820 | 1,327.5 | 26,493 | 1,205.3 | 26,209 | 1,172.2 | 24,736 | 1,085.2 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1,752 | 127.4 | 1,625 | 114.4 | 1,705 | 116.3 | 1,714 | 113.5 | 1,874 | 120.3 |
Property Crimes | 6,102 | 443.8 | 4,792 | 337.5 | 4,434 | 302.5 | 4,163 | 275.7 | 4,204 | 269.8 |
Drugs | 346 | 25.2 | 329 | 23.2 | 447 | 30.5 | 501 | 33.2 | 444 | 28.5 |
Other | 987 | 71.8 | 968 | 68.2 | 925 | 63.1 | 953 | 63.1 | 971 | 62.3 |
Young Offenders Act | 1,046 | 76.1 | 1,134 | 79.9 | 1,064 | 72.6 | 1,101 | 72.9 | 1,289 | 82.7 |
Pacific Total | 10,233 | 744.2 | 8,848 | 623.1 | 8,575 | 585.0 | 8,432 | 558.5 | 8,782 | 563.7 |
TOTAL | 94,412 | 796.7 | 94,058 | 783.8 | 89,585 | 740.6 | 89,129 | 728.8 | 88,113 | 711.7 |
* Source: Youth Court Statistics
** 1991 YCS not included because the Youth Court Statistics Report does not differentiate between males and females with this data.
However, the data may be made available from the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
*** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
**** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
***** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
****** YOA = Failure to Comply with a Disposition or Undertaking, Contempt Against Youth Court, and Assist/Interfere Other
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 110,000 | 107,800 | 105,400 | 104,248 | 103,774 |
Quebec | 300,600 | 303,800 | 305,200 | 302,919 | 300,320 |
Ontario | 422,800 | 429,300 | 432,600 | 441,233 | 450,170 |
Prairie | 214,100 | 217,100 | 219,800 | 223,595 | 227,938 |
Pacific | 137,500 | 142,000 | 146,600 | 150,984 | 155,791 |
TOTAL | 1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 2.3A: Male Youth Processed Through the Youth Court System
Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions
QUESTION 3: ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING INVOLVED WITH CRIME AT A YOUNGER AGE?
Canada
Regions
Atlantic Region: There was a slight increase in males aged 12, 13, 14, 15 and over 17 processed from 1992/93 to 1996/97. There was a decreased number of male youth processed in the other age categories.
Quebec Region: From 1992/93 to 1996/97 there was a steady increase in the number of youth processed in every year and in each age category except for the over 17 year old age group which experienced a decrease.
Ontario Region: From 1992/93 to 1996/97 decreases were noted in all age groups except the 12, 13, 15 and over 17 age groups where there were slight increases.
Prairie Region:
Decrease in the number and age of males processed through youth court from 1992/93 to 1996/97, except for 12 year olds where a slight increase occurred.Pacific Region:
There was a decrease in number and in age of males processed through youth court from 1992/93 to 1996/97.* See Appendix C for additional research findings
OFFENSE | <12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | >17 | Unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991/1992 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 5 | 548 | 1,252 | 2,171 | 3,289 | 4,066 | 4,539 | 52 | 355 |
Property Crimes | 26 | 1,818 | 4,363 | 8,274 | 11,766 | 14,400 | 14,352 | 143 | 728 |
Other Crimes | 1 | 193 | 647 | 1,428 | 2,505 | 3,908 | 5,180 | 512 | 225 |
Drugs | - | 1 | 26 | 93 | 288 | 509 | 941 | 4 | 32 |
Young Offenders Act | - | 53 | 319 | 763 | 1,420 | 1,660 | 2,123 | 747 | 78 |
1991/1992 TOTAL | 32 | 2,613 | 6,607 | 12,729 | 19,268 | 24,543 | 27,135 | 1,458 | 1,418 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 138.6 | 355.0 | 674.6 | 1,022.1 | 1,295.8 | 1,484.0 | |||
1992/1993 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 13 | 639 | 1,448 | 2,616 | 3,502 | 4,408 | 4,753 | 33 | 294 |
Property Crimes | 17 | 1,846 | 4,148 | 7,715 | 10,820 | 13,509 | 13,315 | 92 | 598 |
Other Crimes | 1 | 201 | 640 | 1,586 | 2,534 | 4,188 | 5,149 | 475 | 212 |
Drugs | - | 9 | 42 | 113 | 293 | 596 | 911 | 3 | 18 |
Young Offenders Act | 1 | 50 | 300 | 905 | 1,525 | 1,881 | 2,272 | 674 | 67 |
1992/1993 TOTAL | 32 | 2,745 | 6,578 | 12,935 | 18,674 | 24,582 | 26,400 | 1,277 | 1,189 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 137.0 | 325.0 | 650.0 | 947.9 | 1,240.8 | 1,312.8 | |||
1993/1994 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 15 | 796 | 1,706 | 2,753 | 3,695 | 4,376 | 4,940 | 81 | 324 |
Property Crimes | 13 | 1,648 | 3,912 | 7,218 | 10,376 | 12,451 | 12,647 | 119 | 576 |
Other Crimes | 5 | 289 | 740 | 1,603 | 2,763 | 3,802 | 5,110 | 558 | 228 |
Drugs | - | 12 | 68 | 237 | 487 | 789 | 1,103 | 11 | 19 |
Young Offenders Act | 1 | 96 | 421 | 1,001 | 1,760 | 2,096 | 2,389 | 734 | 89 |
1993/1994 TOTAL | 34 | 2,841 | 6,847 | 12,812 | 19,081 | 23,514 | 26,189 | 1,503 | 1,236 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 141.8 | 348.3 | 658.7 | 968.6 | 1,184.6 | 1,312.1 | |||
1994/1995 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 1 | 916 | 1,717 | 2,709 | 3,533 | 4,444 | 4,738 | 56 | 412 |
Property Crimes | 3 | 1,620 | 3,623 | 6,512 | 9,331 | 11,379 | 11,117 | 108 | 594 |
Other Crimes | - | 256 | 802 | 1,559 | 2,604 | 3,708 | 4,775 | 541 | 255 |
Drugs | - | 24 | 98 | 352 | 727 | 1,201 | 1,556 | 14 | 30 |
Young Offenders Act | - | 68 | 450 | 1,014 | 1,686 | 2,095 | 2,232 | 645 | 80 |
1994/1995 TOTAL | 4 | 2,884 | 6,690 | 12,146 | 17,881 | 22,827 | 24,418 | 1,364 | 1,371 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 142.7 | 327.8 | 594.8 | 890.0 | 1,149.4 | 1,222.7 | |||
1995-1996 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 19 | 917 | 1,820 | 2,899 | 3,637 | 4,189 | 4,544 | 67 | 308 |
Property Crimes | 14 | 1,684 | 3,691 | 6,411 | 9,142 | 11,008 | 10,587 | 112 | 388 |
Drugs | - | 21 | 94 | 370 | 826 | 1,314 | 1,664 | 9 | 26 |
Young Offenders Act | 1 | 94 | 425 | 1,009 | 1,751 | 2,142 | 2,372 | 569 | 69 |
Other Federal Statutes | 5 | 309 | 871 | 1,717 | 2,702 | 3,831 | 4,743 | 541 | 217 |
1995/1996 TOTAL | 39 | 3,025 | 6,901 | 12,406 | 18,058 | 22,484 | 23,910 | 1,298 | 1,008 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 148.7 | 338.0 | 601.5 | 875.9 | 1,127.6 | 1,193.2 | |||
1996/1997 | |||||||||
Crimes of Violence | - | 946 | 1,826 | 2,804 | 3,662 | 4,188 | 4,438 | 63 | 288 |
Property Crimes | - | 1,644 | 3,530 | 6,384 | 9,291 | 10,722 | 10,394 | 83 | 405 |
Other Crimes | - | 335 | 810 | 1,615 | 2,845 | 3,601 | 4,436 | 401 | 215 |
Drugs | - | 35 | 150 | 438 | 934 | 1,373 | 1,770 | 18 | 29 |
Young Offenders Act | - | 94 | 438 | 1,106 | 1,916 | 2,143 | 2,196 | 483 | 64 |
1996/1997 TOTAL | - | 3,054 | 6,754 | 12,347 | 18,648 | 22,027 | 23,234 | 1,048 | 1,001 |
Per 10,000 Male Youth | 148.3 | 329.1 | 598.0 | 896.0 | 1,059.0 | 1,136.5 | |||
TOTAL | 141 | 17,162 | 40,377 | 75,375 | 111,610 | 139,977 | 151,286 | 7,948 | 7,223 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** By Principle Charge: The principle charge is the most serious charge for a person or case upon entering the youth
court process. Where a young person or a case has only one charge, it is defined as the principle charge. Where more than one charge is linked to a person or a case, three criteria are used to select the principle charge: (1) the nature of the offense, (2) the decision of the court, and (3) the disposition of the charge. Violent charges are given first priority in the selection process, followed by drug and narcotic offenses, property offenses, other Criminal Code offenses, offenses under the Young Offenders Act, and other federal statute offenses.
*** Age at the time the most significant charge was committed
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
****** YOA = Failure to Comply with a Disposition or Undertaking, Contempt Against Youth Court, and Assist/Interfere Other
******* Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
******** - is nil or zero
12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | 188,500 | 186,100 | 188,700 | 188,500 | 189,400 | 182,800 |
1992 | 200,300 | 196,600 | 194,500 | 195,600 | 198,500 | 199,500 |
1993 | 202,400 | 202,400 | 199,000 | 197,000 | 198,100 | 201,100 |
1994 | 202,100 | 204,100 | 204,200 | 200,900 | 198,600 | 199,700 |
1995 | 203,374 | 204,179 | 206,248 | 206,172 | 202,625 | 200,381 |
1996 | 206,016 | 205,233 | 206,198 | 208,125 | 207,990 | 204,431 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 3.1A: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Age, Canada
Chart 3.1B: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, by Age, Canada
1992/93 | 1993/94 | 1994/95 | 1995/96 | 1996/97 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MEAN AGE | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 16.0 |
REGION | <12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | >17 | Unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLANTIC | |||||||||
1992/1993**** | 1 | 218 | 499 | 887 | 1,256 | 1,969 | 2,196 | 29 | 23 |
1993/1994 | 2 | 207 | 559 | 854 | 1,335 | 1,879 | 2,139 | 68 | 19 |
1994/1995 | 2 | 243 | 534 | 910 | 1,262 | 1,907 | 1,969 | 64 | 27 |
1995/1996 | 2 | 210 | 541 | 890 | 1,373 | 1,812 | 1,948 | 50 | 3 |
1996/1997 | - | 280 | 599 | 1,166 | 1,516 | 1,938 | 1,939 | 54 | 30 |
QUEBEC | |||||||||
1992/1993 | 3 | 102 | 393 | 1,049 | 1,854 | 2,766 | 3,377 | 112 | 15 |
1993/1994 | 4 | 123 | 391 | 1,050 | 1,879 | 2,728 | 3,425 | 92 | - |
1994/1995 | 1 | 119 | 423 | 1,262 | 2,027 | 2,824 | 3,516 | 82 | 5 |
1995/1996 | - | 127 | 450 | 1,151 | 2,000 | 2,608 | 3,130 | 66 | 2 |
1996/1997 | - | 119 | 437 | 1,201 | 2,203 | 3,012 | 3,521 | 83 | 6 |
ONTARIO | |||||||||
1992/1993 | 19 | 1,255 | 2,809 | 5,598 | 7,717 | 9,601 | 9,941 | 265 | 1,093 |
1993/1994 | 16 | 1,284 | 2,996 | 5,701 | 8,395 | 9,596 | 10,104 | 407 | 1,136 |
1994/1995 | 1 | 1,317 | 2,952 | 5,101 | 7,657 | 9,210 | 9,414 | 405 | 1,283 |
1995/1996 | 33 | 1,400 | 3,174 | 5,468 | 7,724 | 9,308 | 9,639 | 410 | 969 |
1996/1997 | - | 1,448 | 3,002 | 5,215 | 7,904 | 8,573 | 9,067 | 373 | 909 |
PRAIRIE | |||||||||
1992/1993 | 9 | 936 | 2,151 | 3,975 | 5,681 | 7,583 | 8,001 | 742 | 54 |
1993/1994 | 12 | 1,017 | 2,284 | 3,972 | 5,606 | 6,971 | 8,078 | 800 | 80 |
1994/1995 | - | 966 | 2,144 | 3,646 | 5,117 | 6,695 | 7,192 | 679 | 54 |
1995/1996 | 4 | 1,005 | 2,070 | 3,615 | 5,186 | 6,714 | 6,965 | 619 | 31 |
1996/1997 | - | 982 | 2,018 | 3,490 | 5,093 | 6,212 | 6,449 | 441 | 51 |
PACIFIC | |||||||||
1992/1993 | - | 234 | 726 | 1,426 | 2,166 | 2,663 | 2,885 | 129 | 4 |
1993/1994 | - | 210 | 617 | 1,235 | 1,866 | 2,340 | 2,443 | 136 | 1 |
1994/1995 | - | 239 | 637 | 1,227 | 1,818 | 2,191 | 2,327 | 134 | 2 |
1995/1996 | - | 283 | 666 | 1,282 | 1,775 | 2,042 | 2,228 | 153 | 3 |
1996/1997 | - | 225 | 698 | 1,275 | 1,932 | 2,292 | 2,258 | 97 | 5 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** By Principle Charge: The principle charge is the most serious charge for a person or case upon entering the youth court process. Where a young person or a case has only one charge, it is defined as the principle charge. Where more than one charge is linked to a person or a case, three criteria are used to select the principle charge: (1) the nature of the offense, (2) the decision of the court, and (3) the disposition of the charge. Violent charges are given first priority in the selection process, followed by drug and narcotic offenses, property offenses, other Criminal Code offenses, offenses under the Young Offenders Act, and other federal statute offenses.
*** Age at the time the most significant charge was committed
**** 1991 YCS not included because the Youth Court Statistics Report does not differentiate between males and females with this data.
However, the data may be made available from the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
***** Noting the similarity between the actual rate & the per 10,000 male youth population rate (refer to prior table), only the actual rate is
referred to for the regions
****** - is nil or zero
Chart 3.3A: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Atlantic Region
Chart 3.3B: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Quebec Region
Chart 3.3C: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Ontario Region
Chart 3.3D: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Prairie Region
Chart 3.3E: Male Youth Processed Through Youth Court, by Principle Charge, by Age, Pacific Region
QUESTION 4: ARE MALE YOUTH GETTING MORE VIOLENT?
Canada
Uniform Crime Report
Youth Court Survey
Regions
Uniform Crime Report
* See Appendix D for additional research findings.
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per 10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per 10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per 10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per 10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per 10,000 |
Homicide | 49 | 0.41 | 33 | 0.27 | 48 | 0.40 | 49 | 0.40 | 47 | 0.38 | 42 | 0.34 |
Attempted Murder | 66 | 0.56 | 61 | 0.51 | 103 | 0.85 | 81 | 0.66 | 81 | 0.65 | 51 | 0.41 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offenses*** | 2,231 | 18.83 | 2,245 | 18.71 | 2,036 | 16.83 | 1,709 | 13.97 | 1,634 | 13.20 | 1,570 | 12.55 |
Non-Sexual Assault**** | 10,807 | 91.20 9.1 |
11,458 | 95.48 9.5 |
11,958 | 98.86 9.9 |
12,400 | 101.39 10.1 |
11,827 | 95.53 9.6 |
11,811 | 94.38 9.4 |
Abduction | 3 | 0.03 | 2 | 0.02 | 8 | 0.07 | 6 | 0.05 | 5 | 0.04 | 3 | 0.02 |
Robbery | 2,586 | 21.83 | 2,576 | 21.47 | 2,600 | 21.50 | 3,005 | 24.57 | 2,995 | 24.20 | 3,136 | 25.06 |
TOTAL | 15,742 | 132.84 | 16,375 | 136.46 | 16,753 | 138.50 | 17,250 | 141.05 | 16,589 | 134.00 | 16,613 | 132.75 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** There may be a difference in the definition for 1996 in comparison to the prior year because 1996 does not include the category of Rape/Indecent Assault, however, it is anticipated to be negligible.
**** To accommodate for charting, rate per 1,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 | 1,251,427 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Chart 4.1A: Total Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
Chart 4.1B: Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Canada
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 3 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 | - | - |
Attempted Murder | - | - | 1 | 0.1 | - | - | 1 | 0.1 | - | - | 3 | 0.3 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offenses | 235 | 21.4 | 271 | 25.1 | 220 | 20.9 | 198 | 19.0 | 167 | 16.1 | 152 | 14.8 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 847 | 77.0 | 994 | 92.2 | 1,055 | 100.1 | 1,043 | 100.1 | 1,034 | 99.6 | 905 | 88.0 |
Abduction | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Robbery | 67 | 6.1 | 77 | 7.1 | 86 | 8.2 | 78 | 7.5 | 57 | 5.5 | 61 | 5.9 |
TOTAL | 1,152 | 104.7 | 1,346 | 124.9 | 1,363 | 129.3 | 1,324 | 127.0 | 1,259 | 121.3 | 1,121 | 109.0 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 11 | 0.4 | 7 | 0.2 | 13 | 0.4 | 6 | 0.2 | 4 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.0 |
Attempted Murder | 31 | 1.0 | 19 | 0.6 | 47 | 1.5 | 20 | 0.7 | 23 | 0.8 | 10 | 0.3 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offenses | 232 | 7.7 | 275 | 9.1 | 251 | 8.2 | 228 | 7.5 | 190 | 6.3 | 173 | 5.8 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 1,670 | 55.6 | 1,669 | 54.9 | 1,758 | 57.6 | 1,808 | 59.7 | 1,675 | 55.8 | 1,691 | 57.1 |
Abduction | - | - | 1 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0.0 |
Robbery | 605 | 20.1 | 531 | 17.6 | 548 | 17.9 | 634 | 20.9 | 609 | 20.3 | 670 | 22.6 |
TOTAL | 2,549 | 84.3 | 2,502 | 82.4 | 2,617 | 85.8 | 2,696 | 89.0 | 2,501 | 83.3 | 2,546 | 85.9 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 14 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.2 | 11 | 0.3 | 13 | 0.3 | 18 | 0.4 | 8 | 0.2 |
Attempted Murder | 24 | 0.6 | 16 | 0.4 | 32 | 0.7 | 35 | 0.8 | 27 | 0.6 | 10 | 0.2 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offenses | 845 | 20.0 | 838 | 19.5 | 731 | 16.9 | 646 | 14.6 | 583 | 12.9 | 598 | 13.0 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 4,640 | 109.7 | 4,795 | 111.7 | 4,973 | 114.9 | 5,339 | 121.0 | 4,722 | 104.9 | 5,006 | 108.8 |
Abduction | 1 | 0.0 | - | - | 4 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - |
Robbery | 1,049 | 24.8 | 991 | 23.1 | 948 | 21.9 | 1,076 | 24.4 | 1,079 | 23.9 | 1,174 | 25.5 |
TOTAL | 6,573 | 155.5 | 6,648 | 154.9 | 6,699 | 154.9 | 7,111 | 161.2 | 6,429 | 142.8 | 6,796 | 147.8 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 19 | 0.9 | 10 | 0.5 | 13 | 0.59 | 12 | 0.54 | 15 | 0.7 | 20 | 0.9 |
Attempted Murder | 9 | 0.4 | 18 | 0.8 | 14 | 0.64 | 18 | 0.81 | 24 | 1.05 | 13 | 0.6 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offenses | 628 | 29.3 | 587 | 27.0 | 548 | 24.93 | 418 | 18.69 | 460 | 20.2 | 418 | 18.0 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 2,312 | 108.0 | 2,517 | 115.9 | 2,502 | 113.83 | 2,623 | 117.31 | 2,766 | 121.4 | 2,668 | 114.8 |
Abduction | 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.04 | 3 | 0.1 | - | - |
Robbery | 549 | 25.6 | 597 | 27.5 | 576 | 26.21 | 674 | 30.14 | 740 | 32.5 | 717 | 30.9 |
TOTAL | 3,519 | 164.4 | 3,730 | 171.8 | 3,655 | 166.29 | 3,746 | 167.54 | 4,008 | 175.9 | 3,836 | 165.0 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 2 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.4 | 9 | 0.61 | 14 | 0.93 | 9 | 0.6 | 13 | 0.8 |
Attempted Murder | 2 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.68 | 7 | 0.46 | 7 | 0.5 | 15 | 0.9 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offenses | 291 | 21.2 | 274 | 19.3 | 286 | 19.50 | 219 | 14.50 | 234 | 15.0 | 229 | 14.3 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 1,338 | 97.3 | 1,483 | 104.4 | 1,670 | 113.92 | 1,587 | 105.11 | 1,630 | 104.6 | 1,541 | 96.5 |
Abduction | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0.14 | 3 | 0.20 | 2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 |
Robbery | 316 | 22.9 | 380 | 26.8 | 442 | 30.15 | 543 | 35.96 | 510 | 32.7 | 514 | 32.2 |
TOTAL | 1,949 | 141.8 | 2,149 | 151.3 | 2,419 | 165.01 | 2,373 | 157.17 | 2,392 | 153.5 | 2,314 | 144.8 |
TOTAL | 15,742 | 132.8 | 16,375 | 136.5 | 16,753 | 138.50 | 17,250 | 141.05 | 16,589 | 134.0 | 16,613 | 132.6 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total male (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 110,000 | 107,800 | 105,400 | 104,248 | 103,774 | 102,825 |
Quebec | 300,600 | 303,800 | 305,200 | 302,919 | 300,320 | 296,425 |
Ontario | 422,800 | 429,300 | 432,600 | 441,233 | 450,170 | 459,965 |
Prairie | 214,100 | 217,100 | 219,800 | 223,595 | 227,938 | 232,446 |
Pacific | 137,500 | 142,000 | 146,600 | 150,984 | 155,791 | 159,766 |
TOTAL | 1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 | 1,251,427 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division, Demography Division
Chart 4.4A: Male Youth Charged for a Violent Offense by Police Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Regions
1991/1992 | 1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OFFENSE | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per**10,000 |
Homicide*** | 58 | 0.5 | 54 | 0.5 | 38 | 0.3 | 58 | 0.5 | 43 | 0.4 | 48 | 0.4 |
Attempted Murder | 42 | 0.4 | 64 | 0.5 | 47 | 0.4 | 48 | 0.4 | 39 | 0.3 | 56 | 0.5 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual | 1,928 | 17.2 | 2,122 | 17.9 | 2,444 | 20.4 | 2,153 | 17.8 | 1,816 | 14.9 | 1,698 | 13.7 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 9,824 | 87.4 | 10,723 | 90.5 | 11,377 | 94.8 | 11,533 | 95.4 | 11,031 | 90.2 | 11,801 | 95.3 |
Abduction | 16 | 0.1 | 37 | 0.3 | 25 | 0.2 | 49 | 0.4 | 57 | 0.5 | 27 | 0.2 |
Robbery | 1,921 | 17.1 | 2,145 | 18.1 | 2,032 | 16.9 | 2,050 | 16.9 | 2,073 | 16.9 | 2,442 | 19.7 |
Weapon | 2,386 | 21.2 | 2,439 | 20.6 | 2,566 | 21.4 | 2,510 | 20.8 | 2,115 | 17.3 | 2,019 | 16.3 |
Other | 102 | 0.9 | 122 | 1.0 | 158 | 1.3 | 125 | 1.0 | 141 | 1.2 | 124 | 1.0 |
TOTAL | 16,277 | 144.8 | 7,706 | 49.4 | 18,687 | 55.7 | 18,526 | 53.2 | 17,315 | 141.6 | 8,215 | 147.1 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey.
** Rate per 10,000 total male youth (aged 12 - 17 years) population
*** Offense categorizations are comprised of the following offenses:
Homicide: Murder, Manslaughter, Infanticide and Other Related; Attempted Murder: Attempted Murder; Sexual Assault and Other
Sexual Offenses: Aggravated Sexual Assault, Sexual Assault/Weapon, Sexual Assault, Rape/Indecent Assault, Other Sexual Offenses; Non-Sexual Assault: Aggravated Assault, Assault With a Weapon, Cause Bodily Harm/Intent, Minor Assault, Unlawfully Cause Bodily harm, Assaulting Peace Officer, Other Assaults; Abduction: Kidnapping/Hostage Taking; Robbery: Robbery; Weapon: Dangerous Use of a Weapon, Possession of a Weapon, Other Weapons Offenses; Other: Extortion, Criminal Negligence
Note: Due to possible difference in the definitions of violent crimes, based on the Uniform Crime Report Survey and the Youth Court
Survey used in this report, the enclosed tables and charts should be compared on a general level.
1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,124,000 | 1,185,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,209,600 | 1,222,979 | 1,237,993 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
Due to data from only Prince Edward Island, Manitoba and British Columbia, conclusions are tentative:
Prince Edward Island: There was an increase from 1992/93 to 1996/97.
Manitoba: Overall stability from 1992/93 was followed by an increase to the highest rate per 10,000 male youth in 1996/97.
British Columbia: The rate increased slightly over the 5-year span.
1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PROVINCE | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 | Actual Number | Rate per10,000 |
Newfoundland | 18 | 6 | - | - | - | - | 62 | 23 | 57 | 21 |
Prince Edward Island | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 8 |
Nova Scotia | 27 | 7 | - | - | - | - | 35 | 9 | 29 | 8 |
Manitoba | 99 | 21 | 101 | 21 | 92 | 19 | 103 | 21 | 124 | 25 |
British Columbia | 107 | 8 | 133 | 9 | 142 | 10 | 157 | 11 | 158 | 10 |
Yukon< | 71 | 592 | 18 | 150 | 3 | 25 | - | - | 6 | 41 |
Northwest Territories | - | - | 9 | 28 | 7 | 22 | - | - | - | - |
* Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Young Offenders: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
** Average Month-End Admission: Data are an indication of the average month-end admission count to a facility. Averages are calculated by adding all month-end admission counts and dividing the total by the number of months for the corresponding period.
*** All available information is reported in the tables
**** - is nil or zero
1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Newfoundland | 30,600 | 29,500 | 28,400 | 27,300 | 26,980 |
Prince Edward Island | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,005 |
Nova Scotia | 39,200 | 38,400 | 38,000 | 37,800 | 38,343 |
Manitoba | 48,400 | 47,900 | 48,000 | 48,300 | 48,864 |
British Columbia | 136,300 | 140,100 | 145,400 | 149,700 | 154,102 |
Yukon | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,300 | 1,460 |
Northwest Territories | 3,300 | 3,200 | 3,200 | 3,300 | 3,379 |
Chart 5.1A: Male Youth Remanded Into Custody Per Month, Per 10,000 Male Youth Population, Select Provinces
Canada
Regions
Atlantic Region: Slight fluctuation in secure custody and probation dispositions. Slight and consistent increase in open custody from 1991/92 to 1996/97. Slight decrease in fine and community service order dispositions from 1991/92 to 1995/96 returning to a higher percentage in 1996/97. Overall, absolute discharge remained stable in the 6-year span.
Quebec Region: Slight decrease in secure custody. A notable increase from 1991/92 to 1994/95 in open custody dispositions and returned to a lower rate in 1995/96 to 1996/97. Slight and steady increase in probation. A decrease in fine and community service order ending in 1993/94 was followed by an increase. Fairly stable rate of absolute discharge.
Ontario Region: The secure custody rate remained stable until an increase in 1994/95, and remained stable for the following two years. Relatively stable open custody rate. The probation rate showed a marked increase in 1994/95 and increased slightly in subsequent years. A marked decrease in 1994/95 in fine and community service order dispositions. Stable rate of absolute discharge.
Prairie Region: Slight increase in secure and open custody dispositions. Slight and consistent decrease in probation until 1994/95 when an increase trend began. Slight decrease in fine and community service and absolute discharge dispositions.
Pacific Region: Steady increase in secure and open custody dispositions. Slight and consistent decrease in probation until 1994/95, when a slight increase trend began. Overall decrease infine and community service order and absolute discharge dispositions.
DISPOSITION** | 1991/1992 | 1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Secure Custody | 9,014 | 9,785 | 10,033 | 10,521 | 9,671 | 10,396 |
Detention for Treatment | 10 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 3 | - |
Open Custody | 11,110 | 11,862 | 12,587 | 11,800 | 11,541 | 11,385 |
Probation | 25,721 | 25,437 | 24,475 | 28,675 | 28,395 | 30,047 |
Fine | 5,091 | 4,641 | 4,543 | 3,786 | 3,545 | 3,043 |
Compensation | 222 | 225 | 175 | 136 | 137 | 162 |
Pay Purchaser | 34 | 71 | 81 | 31 | 20 | 24 |
Compensation (Kind) | 21 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
Community Service Order | 7,573 | 7,942 | 8,208 | 3,743 | 3,821 | 3,531 |
Restitution | 147 | 140 | 129 | 94 | 116 | 91 |
Prob./Seizure/Forfeit | 64 | 81 | 144 | 18 | 25 | 36 |
Absolute Discharge | 2,206 | 2,053 | 1,930 | 1,745 | 1,543 | 1,062 |
Other | 1,943 | 2,330 | 2,304 | 798 | 892 | 1,196 |
TOTAL | 63,156 | 64,581 | 64,616 | 61,360 | 59,716 | 60,979 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Disposition is the most serious disposition for a person or a case. The dispositions above are ordered from most to least serious. If the disposition with the highest priority is a fine, compensation on pay purchases, and there is a combination of these, the disposition with the largest dollar value is selected as the most significant. In the event that multiple charges result in multiple custody orders, the highest priority is assigned to the largest custody order. The same situation applies in the case of multiple probation orders.
*** - is nil or zero
% OF DISPOSITION | 1991/1992 | 1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Secure Custody | 14.0 | 15.2 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 16.2 | 17.0 |
Open Custody | 17.6 | 18.4 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 19.3 | 18.7 |
Probation | 40.7 | 39.4 | 37.9 | 46.7 | 47.6 | 49.3 |
Fine & Community Service Order | 20.5 | 19.5 | 19.7 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 10.8 |
Absolute Discharge | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.7 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Both community service order and fine contributed to the decrease
Chart 6.2A: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Canada
DISPOSITION** | 1991/1992 | %*** | 1992/1993 | % | 1993/1994 | % | 1994/1995 | % | 1995/1996 | % | 1996/1997 | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 915 | 13 | 884 | 15 | 784 | 13 | 773 | 13 | 681 | 12 | 757 | 13 |
Open Custody | 1,414 | 21 | 1,267 | 21 | 1,262 | 21 | 1,333 | 23 | 1,286 | 23 | 1,392 | 23 |
Probation | 3,741 | 55 | 3,220 | 54 | 3,277 | 56 | 3,154 | 54 | 3,099 | 56 | 3,217 | 54 |
Fine & CSO**** | 586 | 9 | 447 | 8 | 435 | 7 | 413 | 7 | 366 | 7 | 519 | 9 |
Absolute Discharge | 158 | 2 | 138 | 2 | 147 | 3 | 164 | 3 | 129 | 2 | 100 | 2 |
TOTAL | 6,814 | 100 | 5,956 | 100 | 5,905 | 100 | 5,837 | 100 | 5,561 | 100 | 5,985 | 101 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 1,678 | 22 | 1,531 | 19 | 1,568 | 20 | 1,548 | 19 | 1,181 | 16 | 1,473 | 17 |
Open Custody | 969 | 13 | 1,124 | 14 | 1,074 | 14 | 1,257 | 15 | 1,013 | 13 | 1,072 | 13 |
Probation | 3,741 | 49 | 4,014 | 50 | 4,131 | 52 | 4,264 | 52 | 4,106 | 54 | 4,669 | 55 |
Fine & CSO | 1,154 | 15 | 1,166 | 15 | 1,003 | 13 | 1,117 | 13 | 1,184 | 16 | 1,265 | 15 |
Absolute Discharge | 108 | 1 | 116 | 2 | 111 | 1 | 100 | 1 | 113 | 2 | 86 | 1 |
TOTAL | 7,650 | 100 | 7,951 | 100 | 7,887 | 100 | 8,286 | 101 | 7,597 | 100 | 8,565 | 101 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 3,325 | 17 | 3,803 | 18 | 4,075 | 18 | 4,716 | 21 | 4,666 | 21 | 4,719 | 21 |
Open Custody | 4,888 | 25 | 5,370 | 25 | 5,984 | 26 | 5,170 | 23 | 5,467 | 24 | 5,230 | 23 |
Probation | 5,745 | 29 | 5,947 | 28 | 5,739 | 25 | 10,900 | 48 | 10,632 | 47 | 11,322 | 50 |
Fine & CSO | 4,948 | 25 | 5,251 | 25 | 6,162 | 27 | 1,156 | 5 | 1,064 | 5 | 846 | 4 |
Absolute Discharge | 947 | 5 | 1,051 | 5 | 1,009 | 4 | 868 | 4 | 727 | 3 | 490 | 2 |
TOTAL | 19,853 | 101 | 21,422 | 101 | 22,969 | 100 | 22,810 | 101 | 22,556 | 100 | 22,607 | 100 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 2,659 | 13 | 2,935 | 15 | 2,942 | 16 | 2,846 | 16 | 2,545 | 15 | 2,750 | 17 |
Open Custody | 2,763 | 14 | 2,788 | 14 | 2,903 | 15 | 2,798 | 16 | 2,665 | 16 | 2,441 | 15 |
Probation | 8,425 | 42 | 8,121 | 42 | 7,793 | 41 | 7,018 | 40 | 7,321 | 43 | 7,312 | 45 |
Fine & CSO | 5,375 | 27 | 5,117 | 26 | 4,666 | 25 | 4,361 | 25 | 4,261 | 25 | 3,594 | 22 |
Absolute Discharge | 742 | 4 | 490 | 3 | 498 | 3 | 418 | 2 | 411 | 2 | 282 | 2 |
TOTAL | 19,964 | 100 | 19,451 | 100 | 18,802 | 100 | 17,441 | 99 | 17,203 | 101 | 16,379 | 101 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||||
Secure Custody | 437 | 7 | 632 | 9 | 664 | 11 | 638 | 11 | 598 | 11 | 697 | 12 |
Open Custody | 1,076 | 17 | 1,313 | 19 | 1,364 | 22 | 1,242 | 21 | 1,110 | 20 | 1,250 | 21 |
Probation | 4,069 | 63 | 4,135 | 60 | 3,535 | 57 | 3,339 | 57 | 3,237 | 58 | 3,527 | 59 |
Fine & CSO | 601 | 9 | 602 | 9 | 485 | 8 | 482 | 8 | 491 | 9 | 350 | 6 |
Absolute Discharge | 251 | 4 | 258 | 4 | 165 | 3 | 195 | 3 | 163 | 3 | 104 | 2 |
TOTAL | 6,434 | 100 | 6,940 | 100 | 6,213 | 101 | 5,896 | 100 | 5,599 | 101 | 5,928 | 100 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Disposition is the most serious disposition for a person or a case. The dispositions above are ordered from most to least serious. If the disposition with the highest priority is a fine, compensation on pay purchases, and there is a combination of these, the disposition with the largest dollar value is selected as the most significant. In the event that multiple charges result in multiple custody orders, the highest priority is assigned to the largest custody order. The same situation applies in the case of multiple probation orders.
*** Percentage of male youth dispositions per total male youth dispositions
**** CSO = Community Service Order
Chart 6.3A: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Atlantic Region
Chart 6.3B: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Quebec Region
Chart 6.3C: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Ontario Region
Chart 6.3D: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Prairie Region
Chart 6.3E: Percentage of Male Youth Dispositions Per Total Male Youth Dispositions, Pacific Region
* See Appendix E for additional research findings
1991/1992 | 1992/1993 | 1993/1994 | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - | - |
Quebec | 25 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 26 |
Ontario | 12 | 19 | 21 | 25 | 15 | 12 |
Prairie | 24 | 15 | 60 | 70 | 38 | 40 |
Pacific | 2 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 9 |
Canada Total** | 68 (16.6)*** | 50 (16.2) | 94 (16.3) | 117(16.3) | 70 (16.1) | 87(16.4) |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
** Total excluding male youth aged <12 or >17
*** Average age of youth transferred to adult court
Total | <12 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 6 | 17 | >17 | Unknown | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991/1992 | 68 | - | - | - | 1 | 4 | 12 | 45 | 6 | - |
1992/1993 | 50 | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | 5 | 31 | 8 | 1 |
1993/1994 | 94 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 60 | 6 | 1 |
1994/1995 | 117 | - | 3 | - | 3 | 9 | 37 | 62 | 3 | - |
1995/1996 | 70 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 6 | 11 | 47 | 2 | - |
1996/1997 | 87 | - | - | - | 1 | 10 | 28 | 43 | 4 | 1 |
Canada Total | 486 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 41 | 08 | 288 | 29 | 3 |
* Source: Youth Court Survey
Chart 7.1A: Male Youth Transferred to Adult Court, Canada 1991/92 1996/97
EXPLANATION AND DEFINITION OF DATA SOURCES
1. UNIFORM CRIME REPORT SURVEY (UCR)
2. REVISED, OR INCIDENT BASED, UNIFORM CRIME REPORT SURVEY
3. YOUTH COURT SURVEY
4. CORRECTIONS KEY INDICATOR REPORT FOR ADULTS AND YOUNG OFFENDERS
5. CANADIAN CENSUS
APPENDIX C
REPORT: Serious Violent Offenses and Offenders in Youth Court
Naomi Lee and Tim Leonard, December 1995.
Naomi Lee and Tim Leonard, December 1995.
A Profile of the Juvenile Justice System in Canada.
Sharon Moyer, November 1996.
Naomi Lee and Tim Leonard, December 1995.
Uniform Crime Report
Corrections Key Indicator Report