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December, 1998
The focus of this report is a summary and presentation of recent trends involving adult male offenders in Canada. The report was written in response to a special request. To allow for comparison, it adheres to the same format of Research Brief B-18, Female Young Offenders in Canada: Recent Trends, by Colleen Anne Dell and Roger Boe; Research Brief B-21, Adult Female Offenders in Canada: Recent Trends, by Colleen Anne Dell and Roger Boe; and Research Brief B-22, Male Young Offenders in Canada: Recent Trends, by Roberta Lynn Sinclair and Roger Boe. This report completes the series.
The data used to compile this report is derived from two sources: the Uniform Crime Report Survey and the Adult Criminal Court Survey, both published by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Where available, the analyses in this report examine adult male offender trends over the past 5 years. The analyses were directed toward five questions:
QUESTION 1:
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN ADULT MALES CHARGED BY THE POLICE?
QUESTION 2:
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN ADULT MALES PROCESSED THROUGH THE COURT
SYSTEM?
QUESTION 3:
ADULT MALES GETTING INVOLVED WITH CRIME AT A YOUNGER AGE?
QUESTION 4:
ARE ADULT MALES GETTING MORE VIOLENT?
QUESTION 5:
ARE ADULT MALES GETTING MORE SERIOUS DISPOSITIONS?
* Refer to Appendix A for definitions of data sources
** Refer to Appendix B for format of data presentation
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN ADULT MALES CHARGED BY THE POLICE?
Canada
Regions
OFFENCE | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
|
Crimes of Violence | 111,668 | 106.5 | 114,140 | 106.6 | 110,079 | 101.6 | 102,804 | 93.4 | 99,097 | 88.8 | 99,611 | 88.1 |
Property Crimes | 150,066 | 143.1 | 135,983 | 126.9 | 125,401 | 115.8 | 122,762 | 111.6 | 123,324 | 110.5 | 113,280 | 100.2 |
Drugs*** | 35,769 | 34.1 | 33,793 | 31.5 | 33,429 | 30.9 | 32,535 | 29.6 | 33,196 | 29.8 | 30,619 | 27.1 |
Other**** | 135,627 | 129.3 | 132,200 | 123.4 | 122,433 | 113.0 | 117,500 | 106.8 | 113,830 | 102.0 | 107,798 | 95.3 |
TOTAL | 433,130 | 413.0 | 416,116 | 388.4 | 391,342 | 361.3 | 375,601 | 341.4 | 369,447 | 331.1 | 351,308 | 310.7 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** Traffic offences (Criminal Code Traffic and Impaired Driving) are excluded
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10,487,200 | 10,712,100 | 10,833,300 | 11,004,228 | 11,155,618 | 11,305,795 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division.
OFFENCE | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 7,980 | 91.5 | 7,914 | 89.1 | 7,452 | 83.1 | 6,702 | 74.6 | 6,896 | 76.5 | 6,757 | 74.6 |
Property Crimes | 12,184 | 139.7 | 11,272 | 126.9 | 9,594 | 107.0 | 9,101 | 101.3 | 9,131 | 101.3 | 8,626 | 95.2 |
Drugs*** | 2,056 | 23.6 | 2,076 | 23.4 | 2,171 | 24.2 | 2,379 | 26.5 | 2,305 | 25.6 | 2,069 | 22.8 |
Other**** | 10,407 | 119.4 | 9,776 | 110.0 | 8,857 | 98.8 | 7,749 | 86.2 | 8,383 | 93.0 | 7,923 | 87.5 |
TOTAL | 32,627 | 374.2 | 31,038 | 349.4 | 28,074 | 313.1 | 25,931 | 288.6 | 26,715 | 296.4 | 25,375 | 280.1 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 22,855 | 86.1 | 22,243 | 82.7 | 21,297 | 78.5 | 19,300 | 70.2 | 18,695 | 67.3 | 16,557 | 59.1 |
Property Crimes | 37,232 | 140.3 | 34,025 | 126.5 | 31,398 | 115.7 | 28,626 | 104.1 | 30,114 | 108.4 | 26,074 | 93.1 |
Drugs | 6,564 | 24.7 | 7,424 | 27.6 | 7,420 | 27.3 | 7,607 | 27.7 | 7,781 | 28.0 | 6,647 | 23.7 |
Other | 29,857 | 112.5 | 29,225 | 108.6 | 26,596 | 98.0 | 26,078 | 94.9 | 24,744 | 89.1 | 20,847 | 74.5 |
TOTAL | 96,508 | 363.6 | 92,917 | 345.4 | 86,711 | 319.5 | 81,611 | 296.9 | 81,334 | 292.8 | 70,125 | 250.4 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 42,269 | 107.7 | 42,202 | 105.2 | 40,096 | 99.0 | 37,765 | 91.6 | 34,122 | 81.6 | 35,863 | 84.4 |
Property Crimes | 47,397 | 120.8 | 43,201 | 107.7 | 37,254 | 92.0 | 37,293 | 90.5 | 35,566 | 85.1 | 33,543 | 79.0 |
Drugs | 12,940 | 33.0 | 12,363 | 30.8 | 11,886 | 29.3 | 11,421 | 27.7 | 11,976 | 28.6 | 10,923 | 25.7 |
Other | 54,454 | 138.7 | 52,608 | 131.1 | 48,434 | 119.6 | 46,182 | 112.0 | 42,748 | 102.2 | 39,230 | 92.4 |
TOTAL | 157,060 | 400.2 | 150,374 | 374.8 | 137,670 | 339.9 | 132,661 | 321.8 | 124,412 | 297.5 | 119,559 | 281.5 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 23,853 | 137.8 | 25,145 | 142.5 | 23,851 | 133.9 | 22,361 | 124.0 | 22,292 | 122.1 | 23,155 | 124.9 |
Property Crimes | 33,030 | 190.8 | 28,607 | 162.1 | 27,244 | 152.9 | 26,003 | 144.2 | 25,342 | 138.9 | 23,719 | 128.0 |
Drugs | 5,660 | 32.7 | 5,439 | 30.8 | 5,384 | 30.2 | 4,973 | 27.6 | 5,221 | 28.6 | 5,066 | 27.3 |
Other | 29,971 | 173.2 | 30,056 | 170.3 | 27,473 | 154.2 | 25,700 | 142.6 | 26,313 | 144.2 | 27,880 | 150.4 |
TOTAL | 92,514 | 534.5 | 89,247 | 505.7 | 83,952 | 471.2 | 79,037 | 438.4 | 79,168 | 433.8 | 79,820 | 430.6 |
PACIFIC | ||||||||||||
Crimes of Violence | 14,711 | 112.6 | 16,636 | 122.7 | 17,383 | 125.0 | 16,676 | 116.4 | 17,092 | 116.2 | 17,279 | 115.1 |
Property Crimes | 33,20,223 | 154.8 | 18,878 | 139.3 | 19,911 | 143.1 | 21,739 | 151.8 | 23,171 | 157.5 | 21,318 | 142.1 |
Drugs | 8,549 | 65.4 | 6,491 | 47.9 | 6,568 | 47.2 | 6,155 | 43.0 | 5,913 | 40.2 | 5,914 | 39.4 |
Other | 10,938 | 83.7 | 10,535 | 77.7 | 11,073 | 79.6 | 11,791 | 82.3 | 11,642 | 79.1 | 11,918 | 79.4 |
TOTAL | 54,421 | 416.5 | 52,540 | 387.6 | 54,935 | 394.9 | 56,361 | 393.5 | 57,818 | 393.0 | 56,429 | 376.0 |
TOTAL | 433,130 | 413.0 | 416,116 | 388.4 | 391,342 | 361.3 | 375,601 | 341.4 | 369,447 | 331.1 | 351,308 | 310.7 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crimes
***** Traffic Offences (Criminal Code Traffic and Impaired Driving) are excluded
****** Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 871,900 | 888,500 | 896,900 | 898,491 | 901,606 | 905,672 |
Quebec | 2,653,300 | 2,690,100 | 2,713,100 | 2,748,692 | 2,776,714 | 2,799,215 |
Ontario | 3,924,800 | 4,013,000 | 4,050,300 | 4,121,805 | 4,181,392 | 4,246,682 |
Prairie | 1,306,300 | 1,355,600 | 1,391,300 | 1,432,602 | 1,470,708 | 1,500,681 |
Pacific | 1,306,300 | 1,355,600 | 1,391,300 | 1,432,602 | 1,470,708 | 1,500,681 |
TOTAL | 10,487,200 | 10,712,100 | 10,833,300 | 11,004,228 | 11,155,618 | 11,305,795 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division, Demography Division
HAS THERE BEEN AN INCREASE IN ADULT MALES PROCESSED THROUGH THE COURT SYSTEM, 1994/95 - 1996/97?
Canada
Regions
OFFENCE | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
|
Crimes of Violence | 75,581 | 86.3 | 74,324 | 83.7 | 70,128 | 78.2 |
Property Crimes | 88,640 | 101.2 | 86,882 | 97.8 | 84,139 | 93.8 |
Drugs*** | 22,381 | 25.6 | 23,153 | 26.1 | 22,637 | 25.2 |
Other**** | 296,409 | 338.4 | 291,212 | 327.9 | 279,786 | 311.9 |
TOTAL | 296,409 | 338.4 | 291,212 | 327.9 | 279,786 | 311.9 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** Rate per 10,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
*** Drugs = Drug Related Offences
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Criminal Code Violations
***** Traffic offences (Criminal Code Traffic and Impaired Driving) are excluded
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |
---|---|---|---|
8,758,700 | 8,884,601 | 8,971,968 |
** 1994, 1995 and 1996 calendar year population statistics are used for the 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 fiscal year
Adult Criminal Court Survey data
OFFENCE | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
|
ATLANTIC | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 3,599 | 58.6 | 4,533 | 73.8 | 4,766 | 77.4 |
Property Crimes | 4,763 | 77.6 | 5,852 | 95.3 | 5,659 | 91.9 |
Drugs*** | 1,047 | 17.0 | 1,460 | 23.8 | 1,257 | 20.4 |
Other**** | 5,711 | 93.0 | 7,119 | 115.9 | 7,356 | 119.5 |
Atlantic-Total | 15,120 | 246.2 | 18,964 | 308.8 | 19,038 | 309.2 |
QUEBEC | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 11,540 | 42.5 | 12,795 | 46.5 | 11,908 | 42.9 |
Property Crimes | 16,114 | 59.4 | 15,433 | 56.1 | 14,743 | 53.1 |
Drugs | 4,381 | 16.2 | 5,506 | 20.0 | 5,500 | 19.8 |
Other | 22,539 | 83.1 | 22,321 | 81.2 | 20,937 | 75.4 |
Quebec-Total | 54,574 | 201.2 | 56,055 | 203.8 | 53,088 | 191.2 |
ONTARIO | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 44,925 | 111.0 | 41,516 | 100.7 | 39,175 | 93.7 |
Property Crimes | 45,632 | 112.7 | 44,364 | 107.6 | 43,620 | 104.3 |
Drugs | 12,919 | 31.9 | 12,322 | 29.9 | 12,170 | 29.1 |
Other | 62,244 | 153.7 | 58,105 | 141.0 | 55,633 | 133.0 |
Ontario-Total | 165,720 | 409.3 | 156,307 | 379.2 | 150,598 | 360.1 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 15,135 | 110.5 | 15,021 | 108.2 | 13,827 | 99.7 |
Property Crimes | 21,879 | 159.7 | 20,933 | 150.7 | 19,834 | 143.0 |
Drugs | 3,933 | 28.7 | 3,732 | 26.9 | 3,610 | 26.0 |
Other | 18,945 | 138.3 | 18,853 | 135.8 | 18,517 | 135.5 |
Prairie-Total | 59,892 | 437.2 | 58,539 | 421.6 | 55,788 | 402.2 |
PACIFIC***** | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 382 | 335.1 | 459 | 411.2 | 452 | 389.0 |
Property Crimes | 252 | 221.1 | 300 | 268.7 | 283 | 243.6 |
Drugs | 101 | 88.6 | 133 | 119.1 | 100 | 86.1 |
Other | 368 | 322.8 | 455 | 407.6 | 439 | 377.8 |
Pacific-Total | 1,103 | 967.6 | 1,347 | 1,206.6 | 1,274 | 1,096.5 |
TOTAL | 296,409 | 338.4 | 291,212 | 327.9 | 279,786 | 311.9 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** Rate per 10,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
*** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
**** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
***** To accommodate for charting, rate per 1,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
****** Traffic offences (Criminal Code Traffic and Impaired Driving) are excluded
******* Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |
---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 614,100 | 614,165 | 614,165 |
Quebec | 2,713,100 | 2,748,692 | 2,776,714 |
Ontario | 4,050,300 | 4,121,805 | 4,181,392 |
Prairie | 1,370,000 | 1,388,776 | 1,386,719 |
TOTAL | 8,758,700 | 8,884,601 | 8,971,968 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
** 1994, 1995 and 1996 calendar year population statistics are used for the 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 fiscal year Adult Criminal Court
Survey data
ARE ADULT MALES GETTING INVOLVED WITH CRIME AT A YOUNGER AGE?
Canada
Regions
Atlantic Region:
A steady trend with the lower the age the greater the rate of adult males processed through the court system. There was a lower rate in 1994/95 in comparison to the 1995/96 and 1996/97 rates of males processed through court per 10,000 adult male population.
Quebec Region:
A steady trend with the lower the age the greater the rate of adult males processed through the court system.
Ontario Region:
A steady trend with the lower the age the greater the rate of adult males processed through the court system.
Prairie Region:
A steady trend with the lower the age the greater the rate of adult males processed through the court system.
Pacific Region:
A steady trend with the lower the age the greater the rate of adult males processed through the court system. There was, however, an anomalous high rate of adult males aged 30-34 who were processed through the court system per 10,000 adult male population in 1995/96.
OFFENCE | 18-24 | 25-34 | 35-44 | 45-54 | 55+ | Unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1994/1995 | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 18,111 | 26,767 | 16,621 | 6,416 | 3,273 | 4,393 |
Property Crimes | 34,978 | 27,865 | 14,312 | 5,235 | 2,773 | 3,477 |
Drugs**** | 7,480 | 8,710 | 4,117 | 853 | 201 | 1,020 |
Other Crimes***** | 32,409 | 36,685 | 20,575 | 8,653 | 4,391 | 7,094 |
1994/1995 TOTAL | 92,978 | 100,027 | 55,625 | 21,157 | 10,638 | 15,984 |
Per 10,000 Adult Males | 794.8 | 486.3 | 284.7 | 148.1 | 49.5 | |
1995/1996 | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 17,926 | 26,285 | 16,745 | 6,354 | 3,157 | 3,857 |
Property Crimes | 34,265 | 26,671 | 14,511 | 5,395 | 2,633 | 3,407 |
Drugs | 8,130 | 8,581 | 4,384 | 936 | 228 | 894 |
Other Crimes | 31,172 | 34,077 | 21,354 | 8,975 | 4,397 | 6,878 |
1995/1996 TOTAL | 91,493 | 95,614 | 56,994 | 21,660 | 10,415 | 15,036 |
Per 10,000 Adult Males | 785.7 | 471.6 | 283.9 | 145.2 | 47.5 | |
1996/1997 | ||||||
Crimes of Violence | 16,766 | 24,264 | 16,744 | 6,103 | 2,938 | 3,313 |
Property Crimes | 32,847 | 25,421 | 14,974 | 5,465 | 2,606 | 2,826 |
Drugs | 8,310 | 7,844 | 4,439 | 1,044 | 262 | 738 |
Other Crimes | 29,474 | 32,067 | 21,692 | 8,833 | 4,304 | 6,513 |
1995/1996 TOTAL | 87,397 | 89,596 | 57,849 | 21,445 | 10,110 | 13,390 |
Per 10,000 Adult Males | 756.5 | 451.8 | 282.0 | 138.6 | 45.2 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** By most serious offence: The most serious offence rule is applied when a case involves more than one 3charge. The rule is: all charges in a case are ranked according to an offence severity scale. If two or more charges have equal severity, sentence type information is considered. If a tie occurs at the level of sentence type, sentence magnitude information is considered.
*** Age at the time the most significant charge was committed
**** Drugs = Narcotics Control Act & Food and Drugs Act
***** Other = Other Federal Statutes & Other Crime
****** Rate per 10,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
******* Traffic offences (Criminal Code and Impaired Driving) are excluded
******** - is nil or zero
ADULT POPULATION | 18-24 | 25-34 | 35-44 | 45-54 | 55+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1994 | 1,169,800 | 2,056,800 | 1,953,800 | 1,428,600 | 2,149,700 |
1995 | 1,164,419 | 2,027,555 | 2,007,205 | 1,491,938 | 2,193,484 |
1996 | 1,155,212 | 1,983,118 | 2,052,140 | 1,546,745 | 2,234,753 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
** 1994, 1995 and 1996 calendar year population statistics are used for the 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 fiscal year Adult Criminal Court
Survey data
1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |
---|---|---|---|
MEAN AGE | 32 | 33 | 32 |
OFFENCE | 18-24 | 25-34 | 35-44 | 45-54 | 55+ | Unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLANTIC | ||||||
1994/1995 | 5,086 | 4,898 | 2,809 | 1,289 | 819 | 421 |
Per 10,000 A.M.**** | 540.1 | 346.6 | 200.8 | 129.4 | 54.7 | |
1995/1996 | 6,307 | 6,043 | 3,679 | 1,606 | 822 | 504 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 697.9 | 448.0 | 276.1 | 154.1 | 54.4 | |
1996/1997 | 5,995 | 5,973 | 4,047 | 1,799 | 794 | 427 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 445.1 | 297.7 | 174.2 | 88.3 | 28.3 | |
QUEBEC | ||||||
1994/1995 | 16,081 | 19,138 | 10,853 | 4,300 | 1,947 | 2,255 |
Per 10,000 A.M.**** | 470.0 | 312.6 | 174.3 | 92.1 | 29.6 | |
1995/1996 | 15,959 | 19,029 | 11,640 | 4,560 | 2,085 | 2,782 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 464.4 | 311.7 | 183.3 | 93.8 | 31.0 | |
1996/1997 | 15,380 | 17,667 | 11,255 | 4,440 | 1,946 | 2,401 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 445.1 | 297.7 | 174.2 | 88.3 | 28.3 | |
ONTARIO | ||||||
1994/1995 | 49,739 | 55,013 | 30,883 | 11,529 | 6,025 | 12,429 |
Per 10,000 A.M.**** | 920.4 | 565.8 | 356.3 | 176.7 | 60.2 | |
1995/1996 | 47,976 | 49,903 | 30,466 | 11,390 | 5,554 | 11,021 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 895.7 | 520.1 | 336.5 | 167.1 | 53.4 | |
1996/1997 | 46,126 | 47,183 | 30,870 | 11,116 | 5,527 | 9,799 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 869.4 | 498.1 | 330.2 | 156.9 | 52.1 | |
PRAIRIE | ||||||
1994/1995 | 21,763 | 20,535 | 10,846 | 3,978 | 1,817 | 853 |
Per 10,000 A.M.**** | 1,136.4 | 626.1 | 337.6 | 191.9 | 56.4 | |
1995/1996 | 20,916 | 20,086 | 10,920 | 3,994 | 1,915 | 708 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 1,083.4 | 627.9 | 330.4 | 183.2 | 58.5 | |
1996/1997 | 19,542 | 18,345 | 11,352 | 3,985 | 1,804 | 736 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 1,022.6 | 597.3 | 340.5 | 177.5 | 54.6 | |
PACIFIC | ||||||
1994/1995 | 309 | 443 | 234 | 61 | 30 | 26 |
Per 10,000 A.M.**** | 2,060.0 | 1,527.6 | 754.8 | 277.3 | 176.5 | |
1995/1996 | 335 | 553 | 289 | 110 | 39 | 21 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 2,349.2 | 1,977.8 | 964.9 | 491.7 | 228.2 | |
1996/1997 | 354 | 428 | 325 | 105 | 39 | 27 |
Per 10,000 A.M. | 2,387.1 | 1,500.2 | 1,050.4 | 441.5 | 215.4 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** By most serious offence: The most serious offence rule is applied when a case involves more than one charge. The rule is: all charges in a case are ranked according to an offence severity scale. If two or more charges have equal severity, sentence type information is considered. If a tie occurs at the level of sentence type, sentence magnitude information is considered.
*** Age at the time the most significant charge was committed
**** A.M. = Adult males
***** Traffic offences (Criminal Code Traffic and Impaired Driving) are excluded
****** - is nil or zero
******* Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
ADULT POPULATION | 18-24 | 25-34 | 35-44 | 45-54 | 55+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | |||||
1994 | 94,200 | 141,300 | 139,900 | 99,600 | 149,600 |
1995 | 90,373 | 134,891 | 133,261 | 104,228 | 151,142 |
1996 | 86,557 | 132,469 | 134,541 | 108,554 | 153,403 |
Quebec | |||||
1994 | 342,200 | 612,300 | 622,700 | 467,000 | 658,300 |
1995 | 343,668 | 610,541 | 635,143 | 486,082 | 673,258 |
1996 | 345,532 | 593,443 | 646,271 | 502,717 | 688,751 |
Ontario | |||||
1994 | 540,400 | 972,300 | 866,800 | 652,500 | 1,018,200 |
1995 | 535,623 | 959,445 | 905,321 | 681,435 | 1,039,981 |
1996 | 530,530 | 947,197 | 934,861 | 708,544 | 1,060,260 |
Prairie | |||||
1994 | 191,500 | 191,500 | 321,300 | 207,300 | 321,900 |
1995 | 193,059 | 319,882 | 330,485 | 217,956 | 327,394 |
1996 | 191,110 | 307,156 | 333,373 | 224,552 | 330,528 |
Pacific | |||||
1994 | 1,500 | 2,900 | 3,100 | 2,200 | 1,700 |
1995 | 1,426 | 2,796 | 2,995 | 2,237 | 1,709 |
1996 | 1,483 | 2,853 | 3,094 | 2,378 | 1,811 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division
** The 1994, 1995 and 1996 calendar year statistics are used for the 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 fiscal year Adult Criminal Court Survey
1994/95 | 1995/96 | 1996/97 | |
---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 32 | 32 | 32 |
Quebec | 33 | 33 | 33 |
Ontario | 32 | 32 | 32 |
Prairie | 31 | 31 | 32 |
Pacific | 31 | 31 | 33 |
ARE ADULT MALES GETTING MORE VIOLENT?
Canada
Uniform Crime Report:
Adult Criminal Court Survey:
Regions
Uniform Crime Report
OFFENCE | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
|
Homicide | 495 | 0.5 | 440 | 0.4 | 378 | 0.3 | 440 | 0.4 | 392 | 0.4 | 324 | 0.3 |
Attempted Murder | 710 | 0.7 | 610 | 0.6 | 553 | 0.5 | 645 | 0.6 | 563 | 0.5 | 565 | 0.5 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences*** | 12,438 | 11.9 | 12,965 | 12.1 | 11,612 | 10.7 | 10,009 | 9.1 | 9,232 | 8.3 | 8,739 | 7.7 |
Non-Sexual Assault **** |
90,097 | 85.9 8.6 |
93,056 | 86.7 8.7 |
91,184 | 84.2 8.4 |
85,654 | 77.8 7.8 |
82,562 | 74.0 7.4 |
84,181 | 74.5 7.5 |
Abduction | 117 | 0.2 | 175 | 0.2 | 156 | 0.1 | 151 | 0.1 | 108 | 0.1 | 111 | 0.1 |
Robbery | 7,751 | 7.40.2 | 6,894 | 6.4 | 6,196 | 5.7 | 5,905 | 5.4 | 6,240 | 5.6 | 5,691 | 5.0 |
TOTAL | 111,668 | 106.6 | 114,140 | 106.4 | 110,079 | 101.5 | 102,804 | 93.4 | 99,097 | 89.9 | 99,611 | 88.1 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
*** There may be a difference in the 1996 definition in comparison to the prior year because 1996 does not include the category of Rape/Indecent Assault, however, it is anticipated to be negligible
**** To accommodate for charting, rate per 1,000 total adult males (aged 18+ years) population
***** Traffic offences (Criminal Code Traffic and Impaired Driving) are excluded
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10,487,200 | 10,712,100 | 10,833,300 | 11,004,228 | 11,155,618 | 11,305,795 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
OFFENCE | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
ATLANTIC | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 28 | 0.3 | 30 | 0.3 | 31 | 0.4 | 27 | 0.3 | 27 | 0.3 | 22 | 0.2 |
Attempted Murder | 16 | 0.2 | 19 | 0.2 | 18 | 0.2 | 18 | 0.2 | 18 | 0.2 | 21 | 0.2 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences | 1,310 | 15.0 | 1,365 | 15.4 | 1,143 | 12.7 | 933 | 10.4 | 904 | 10.0 | 886 | 9.8 |
Non-Sexual Assault***** | 6,338 | 7.3 | 6,256 | 7.1 | 6,016 | 6.7 | 5,502 | 6.1 | 5,655 | 6.3 | 5,583 | 6.2 |
Abduction | 9 | 0.1 | 13 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.03 | 4 | 0.04 | 8 | 0.1 |
Robbery | 279 | 3.2 | 231 | 2.6 | 238 | 2.7 | 219 | 2.4 | 288 | 3.2 | 237 | 2.6 |
TOTAL | 7,980 | 91.5 | 7,914 | 89.1 | 7,452 | 83.1 | 6,702 | 74.6 | 6,896 | 76.5 | 6,757 | 74.6 |
QUEBEC | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 106 | 0.4 | 98 | 0.4 | 68 | 0.3 | 95 | 0.3 | 27 | 0.3 | 66 | 0.2 |
Attempted Murder | 217 | 0.8 | 98 | 0.4 | 68 | 0.3 | 93 | 0.3 | 95 | 0.3 | 66 | 0.2 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences | 1,310 | 15.0 | 1,365 | 15.4 | 1,143 | 12.7 | 933 | 10.4 | 904 | 10.0 | 886 | 9.8 |
Non-Sexual Assault***** | 6,338 | 7.3 | 6,256 | 7.1 | 6,016 | 6.7 | 5,502 | 6.1 | 5,655 | 6.3 | 5,583 | 6.2 |
Abduction | 9 | 0.1 | 13 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.03 | 4 | 0.04 | 8 | 0.1 |
Robbery | 279 | 3.2 | 231 | 2.6 | 238 | 2.7 | 219 | 2.4 | 288 | 3.2 | 237 | 2.6 |
TOTAL | 7,980 | 91.5 | 7,914 | 89.1 | 7,452 | 83.1 | 6,702 | 74.6 | 6,896 | 76.5 | 6,757 | 74.6 |
ONTARIO | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 161 | 0.4 | 150 | 0.4 | 120 | 0.3 | 133 | 0.3 | 113 | 0.3 | 101 | 0.2 |
Attempted Murder | 206 | 0.5 | 166 | 0.4 | 211 | 0.5 | 231 | 0.6 | 194 | 0.5 | 183 | 0.4 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences | 4,368 | 11.1 | 4,649 | 11.6 | 4,202 | 10.4 | 3,478 | 8.4 | 3,030 | 7.2 | 2,808 | 6.6 |
Non-Sexual Assault***** | 35,106 | 8.9 | 35,088 | 8.7 | 33,771 | 8.3 | 32,097 | 7.8 | 29,098 | 7.0 | 30,995 | 7.3 |
Abduction | 64 | 0.2 | 59 | 0.2 | 66 | 0.2 | 48 | 0.1 | 36 | 0.1 | 36 | 0.1 |
Robbery | 2,364 | 6.0 | 2,090 | 5.2 | 1,726 | 4.3 | 1,778 | 4.3 | 1,651 | 3.9 | 1,740 | 4.1 |
TOTAL | 42,269 | 107.7 | 42,202 | 105.2 | 40,096 | 99.0 | 37,765 | 91.6 | 34,122 | 81.6 | 35,863 | 84.4 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 124 | 0.7 | 94 | 0.5 | 97 | 0.5 | 101 | 0.6 | 107 | 0.6 | 75 | 0.4 |
Attempted Murder | 164 | 1.0 | 146 | 0.8 | 69 | 0.4 | 117 | 0.6 | 91 | 0.5 | 105 | 0.6 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences | 2,866 | 16.6 | 2,948 | 16.7 | 2,587 | 14.5 | 2,262 | 12.5 | 2,346 | 12.9 | 2,199 | 11.9 |
Non-Sexual Assault***** | 19,366 | 11.2 | 20,687 | 11.7 | 19,826 | 11.1 | 18,738 | 10.4 | 18,508 | 10.1 | 19,648 | 10.6 |
Abduction | 48 | 0.3 | 47 | 0.3 | 36 | 0.2 | 41 | 0.2 | 33 | 0.2 | 33 | 0.2 |
Robbery | 1,285 | 7.4 | 1,223 | 6.9 | 1,237 | 6.9 | 1,102 | 6.1 | 1,207 | 6.6 | 1,095 | 5.9 |
TOTAL | 23,853 | 137.8 | 25,145 | 142.5 | 23,851 | 133.9 | 22,361 | 124.0 | 22,292 | 122.1 | 23,155 | 124.9 |
PRAIRIE | ||||||||||||
Homicide | 76 | 0.6 | 68 | 0.5 | 62 | 0.5 | 86 | 0.6 | 50 | 0.3 | 60 | 0.4 |
Attempted Murder | 107 | 0.8 | 71 | 0.5 | 69 | 0.5 | 88 | 0.6 | 88 | 0.6 | 109 | 0.7 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences | 1,841 | 14.1 | 2,071 | 15.3 | 1,952 | 14.0 | 1,852 | 12.9 | 1,577 | 10.7 | 1,616 | 10.8 |
Non-Sexual Assault | 11,714 | 9.0 | 13,409 | 9.9 | 14,317 | 10.3 | 13,673 | 9.5 | 14,179 | 9.6 | 14,444 | 96.2 |
Abduction | 18 | 0.1 | 27 | 0.2 | 23 | 0.2 | 30 | 0.2 | 18 | 0.1 | 23 | 0.2 |
Robbery | 955 | 7.3 | 990 | 7.3 | 960 | 6.9 | 947 | 6.6 | 1,180 | 8.0 | 1,027 | 6.8 |
TOTAL | 14,711 | 112.6 | 16,636 | 122.7 | 17,383 | 125.0 | 16,676 | 116.4 | 17,092 | 116.2 | 17,279 | 115.1 |
* Source: Uniform Crime Report
** Rate per 10,000 adult male (aged 18+ years) population
*** - is nil or zero
**** Figures may not add to totals due to rounding
***** Rate per 1,000 adult male (aged 18+ years) population
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 871,900 | 888,500 | 896,900 | 898,491 | 901,606 | 905,672 |
Quebec | 2,653,300 | 2,690,100 | 2,713,100 | 2,748,692 | 2,776,714 | 2,799,215 |
Ontario | 3,924,800 | 4,013,000 | 4,050,300 | 4,121,805 | 4,181,392 | 4,246,682 |
Prairie | 1,306,300 | 1,355,600 | 1,391,300 | 1,432,602 | 1,470,708 | 1,500,681 |
TOTAL | 10,487,200 | 10,712,100 | 10,833,300 | 11,004,228 | 11,155,618 | 11,305,795 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Division, Demography Division
OFFENCE | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Number |
Rate per** 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
Actual Number |
Rate per 10,000 |
|
Homicide | 371 | 0.4 | 377 | 0.4 | 375 | 0.4 |
Attempted Murder | 342 | 0.4 | 351 | 0.4 | 348 | 0.4 |
Sexual Assault & Other Sexual Offences*** | 8,621 | 9.8 | 8,072 | 9.1 | 8,072 | 8.0 |
Non-Sexual Assault **** |
62,465 | 7.1 | 61,504 | 6.9 | 58,049 | 6.5 |
Abduction | 99 | 0.1 | 88 | 0.1 | 67 | 0.1 |
Kidnapping | 259 | 0.3 | 286 | 0.3 | 326 | 0.4 |
Robbery | 3,424 | 3.9 | 3,646 | 4.1 | 3,745 | 4.2 |
TOTAL | 75,581 | 86.3 | 74,324 | 83.6 | 70,128 | 78.1 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** Rate per 10,000 total adult males (aged 18+ years) population
*** Offence categorizations are comprised of the following offences:
Homicide: First degree murder, second degree murder, manslaughter, infanticide; Attempted Murder: Attempted murder; Sexual Assault and Other Sexual Offences: Aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault with a weapon, causing bodily harm, threats to a third party, sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching, sexual exploitation, incest, bestiality; Major Assault and Common Assault: Aggravated assault (level 3), assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm (level 2), discharging firearm with intent, unlawfully causing bodily harm, assault against a police/peace officer, assault level 1; Abduction: Abduction of a person under 16, abduction of a person under 14, abduction in contravention of a custody order, abduction where no custody order; Kidnapping: Kidnapping, forcible confinement, hostage taking; Robbery: Robbery with firearms, with other offensive weapons, other robbery. Note: Due to possible difference in the definitions of violent crimes, based on the Uniform Crime Report Survey and the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report, the enclosed tables and charts should be compared on a general level.
**** To accommodate for charting, rate per 1,000 total adult male (aged 18+ years) population
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |
---|---|---|---|
8,758,700 | 8,884,601 | 8,971,968 |
* Source: Statistics Canada, Census and Household Statistics Branch, Demography Division
** 1994, 1995 and 1996 calendar year population statistics are used for the 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 fiscal year Adult Criminal Court Survey Data
ARE ADULT MALES GETTING MORE SERIOUS DISPOSITIONS?
Canada
Regions
Atlantic Region: | Prison dispositions increased significantly from 1994/95
to 1995/96 and decreased in 1996/97 to slightly above the 1994/95
level. Probation decreased slightly from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by a slight increase in 1996/97. Fine decreased and then remained stable while restitution remained relatively stable throughout the three-year period. The category of other dispositions decreased from 1994/95 to 1995/96 and increased in 1996/97. |
Quebec Region: | Relative stability in prison, probation, and restitution
from 1994/95 to 1996/97. Slight decrease in fine and stability in other dispositions from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by an increase in 1996/97. |
Ontario Region: | Relative stability in prison and fine. Relative stability in probation from 1994/95 to 1995/96 with an increase in 1996/97. Stability in restitution from 1994/95 to 1995/96 with a slight increase in 1996/97. Stability in the category of other crimes from 1994/95 to 1995/96 with a substantial increase in 1996/97. |
Prairie Region: | Prison remained relatively stable from 1994/95 to
1996/97. A slight increase in restitution from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by a slight decrease in 1996/97. Increase in fine and decrease in probation from 1994/95 to 1995/96, followed by stability in 1996/97. Overall stability in the category of other crimes from 1994/95 to 1996/97. |
Pacific Region: | Overall stability in restitution from 1994/95 to 1996/97.
Stability in fine from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by a dramatic
decrease in 1996/97. Dramatic increase in the category of other crimes from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by relative stability through to 1996/97. Increase in prison from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by a decrease through to 1996/97. Notable decrease in probation from 1994/95 to 1995/96 followed by a substantial increase in 1996/97. |
Order of greatest frequency of dispositions per region:
TOTAL ADULT MALE POPULATION | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 |
---|---|---|---|
Prison | 66,108 | 78,806 | 74,758 |
Probation | 47,102 | 53,502 | 56,301 |
Fine | 64,089 | 79,437 | 75,917 |
Restitution | 53 | 193 | 191 |
Other*** | 2,208 | 2,689 | 5,497 |
Unknown | 6,325 | 9,041 | 2,005 |
TOTAL | 185,885 | 223,668 | 214,669 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** Disposition is the most serious disposition for a person or a case. When there is more than one charge the following rule applies: Dispositions are ordered from most to least serious: 1) Found guilty; 2) Transfer to Superior Court; 3) Other (acquitted due to insanity, waived out of province); 4) Stay, 5) Acquitted, Withdrawn, Dismissed, Discharged at Preliminary; and 6) Unknown. The most serious sentence order of ranking is: 1) Prison; 2) Probation; 3) Fine, 4) Restitution/compensation, 5) Other (absolute or conditional discharge, suspended sentence, other).
*** "Other" most serious sentences include absolute and conditional discharge, suspended sentence, payment of legal costs and suspension of drivers license.
% OF DISPOSITION | 1994/1995 | 1995/1996 | 1996/1997 |
---|---|---|---|
Prison | 36 | 35 | 35 |
Probation | 25 | 24 | 26 |
Fine | 34 | 36 | 35 |
Restitution | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Other** | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Unknown | 3 | 4 | 0.9 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** "Other" most serious sentences include absolute and conditional discharge, suspended sentence, payment of legal costs and suspension of drivers license.
OFFENCE | 1994/1995 | %*** | 1995/1996 | % | 1996/1997 | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATLANTIC | ||||||
Prison | 3,568 | 25.9 | 6,404 | 35.6 | 4,358 | 28.8 |
Probation | 2,996 | 21.7 | 14,312 | 5,235 | 2,773 | 3,477 |
Fine | 7,480 | 8,710 | 4,117 | 853 | 201 | 1,020 |
Restitution | 32,409 | 36,685 | 20,575 | 8,653 | 4,391 | 7,094 |
Other***** | 92,978 | 100,027 | 55,625 | 21,157 | 10,638 | 15,984 |
Unknown | 794.8 | 486.3 | 284.7 | 148.1 | 49.5 | 89 |
Total | 13,797 | 17,967 | 15,146 | |||
QUEBEC | ||||||
Prison | 12,983 | 28.8 | 15,815 | 31.2 | 14,819 | 30.5 |
Probation | 15,705 | 34.9 | 17,578 | 34.7 | 17,092 | 35.2 |
Fine | 15,435 | 34.3 | 16,279 | 32.1 | 15,295 | 31.5 |
Restitution | 19 | 0.04 | 23 | 0.1 | 38 | 0.1 |
Other***** | 780 | 1.7 | 882 | 1.7 | 1,217 | 2.5 |
Unknown | 92 | 0.2 | 83 | 0.2 | 57 | 0.1 |
Total | 45,014 | 50,660 | 48,518 | |||
ONTARIO | ||||||
Prison | 44,414 | 40.5 | 40,821 | 39.2 | 41,728 | 40.1 |
Probation | 24,587 | 22.4 | 23,530 | 22.6 | 26,890 | 25.8 |
Fine | 34,453 | 31.4 | 30,905 | 29.7 | 31,668 | 30.4 |
Restitution | 17 | 0.02 | 24 | 0.02 | 59 | 0.1 |
Other***** | 410 | 0.4 | 322 | 0.3 | 2,275 | 2.2 |
Unknown | 5,842 | 5.3 | 8,523 | 8.2 | 1,497 | 1.4 |
Total | 109,723 | 104,125 | 104,115 | |||
PRAIRIE | ||||||
Prison | 4,727 | 28.9 | 15,285 | 30.6 | 13,396 | 29.2 |
Probation | 3,564 | 21.8 | 8,368 | 16.8 | 7,931 | 17.3 |
Fine | 7,177 | 43.8 | 24,509 | 49.1 | 22,483 | 49.0 |
Restitution | 8 | 0.1 | 139 | 0.3 | 71 | 0.2 |
Other***** | 579 | 3.5 | 1,162 | 2.3 | 1,580 | 3.4 |
Unknown | 315 | 1.9 | 429 | 0.9 | 424 | 0.9 |
Total | 16,370 | 49,892 | 45,885 | |||
PACIFIC | ||||||
Prison | 416 | 42.4 | 481 | 47.0 | 459 | 45.7 |
Probation | 250 | 25.5 | 211 | 20.6 | 308 | 30.6 |
Fine | 308 | 31.4 | 307 | 30.0 | 208 | 20.7 |
Restitution | 2 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.2 |
Other***** | 5 | 0.5 | 24 | 2.3 | 28 | 2.8 |
Unknown | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Total | 981 | 1,024 | 1,005 | |||
Total | 185,885 | 223,668 | 214,669 |
* Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey
** Disposition is the most serious disposition for a person or a case. When there is more than one charge the following rule applies: Dispositions are ordered from most to least serious: 1) Found guilty; 2) Transfer to Superior Court; 3) Other (acquitted due to insanity, waived out of province); 4) Stay; 5) Acquitted, Withdrawn, Dismissed, Discharged at Preliminary; and 6) Unknown. The most serious sentence ranking is: 1) Prison; 2) Probation, 3) Fine, 4) Restitution/compensation, 5) Other (absolute or conditional discharge, suspended sentence, other).
*** Percentage of adult male dispositions per total adult male dispositions
**** "Other" most serious sentences include absolute and conditional discharge, suspended sentence, payment of legal costs and suspension of drivers license.
***** Totals may not add to 100 due to rounding
****** - is nil or zero